Watermarking-Based Perceptual Hashing Search Over Encrypted Speech

An efficient retrieval algorithm of encrypted speech based on inverse fast Fouriertransform and measurement matrix

“…These results indicate that the BER values of the same perceived content were all less than 0.1801 for our algorithm, which is much smaller than the minimum of discrimination. In contrast, the results for the [19,23,24] were much larger, especially with requantization applied in [19,23], amplitude decrease applied in [24], and noise and requantization applied in [19,23]. Thus, the CPOs exerted greater effects on the speech features using the other algorithms.…”

“…We evaluated the retrieval performance of our proposed method and other algorithms [19,23] in 10,000 speech clips and another algorithms [24] in 5000 speech clips according to the common recall and precision ratios [23].…”

“…where τ is the similarity threshold, x is BER, and µ and σ are the mean value and standard deviation of the BER, respectively. Table 1 compares the BER obtained from our proposed algorithm with those from the algorithms of Wang et al [19], Zhao and He [23], and He and Zhao [24] under different thresholds. The BER of our proposed algorithm is much smaller than those of the algorithms in [19], [23], and [24] for each threshold τ .…”

Security Analysis of Speech Perceptual Hashing Authentication Algorithm

“…The algorithm can better realize the content integrity authentication of speech and broadband audio signal. Since put forward, this technology has been widely used because of its good performance [3][4][5][6][7], but most of them don't consider the security of the algorithm itself. For example, M. Nouri et al [3] proposed a speech perceptual hashing algorithm based on secret key, so the algorithm has certain security and collision resistance.…”

“…This algorithm has high efficiency for authentication, but it has weak robustness. H. Wang et al [5] proposed a speech remote identity authentication algorithm based on perceptual hashing through extracting fingerprint biometric, the fingerprint information that embedded into the algorithm would not affect the normal use of the speech and the experiment results show that it has good collision resistance, good robustness and security for remote authentication. Q.Y.…”