Watermarking by encrypted Fourier holography

Liujie, Sun; Zhuang, Songlin

doi:10.1117/1.2769366

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Encrypted images, digital holograms, and full phase images have been used in the watermarking scheme to enhance the security of contents [4,[38][39][40][41][42][43]. Various watermarking schemes with different architectures have been reported in the literature, such as digital watermarking using GT, FRT, computational ghost imaging, joint FrT correlator, DCT, among others [44][45][46][47][48][49][50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric multi-image encoding and hiding scheme with structured fingerprint phase masks using gyrator transform and phase-shifting digital holography

Kumar Rao,

Nishchal

2024

J. Opt.

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We propose a novel technique for multi-image encryption and hiding scheme under optical asymmetric frame work using structured fingerprint phase masks in the gyrator transform domain and three-step phase-shifting digital holography. A structured fingerprint phase mask contains the unique features of fingerprint and structured phase of optical vortex beam, which provides higher security in the cryptosystem. In order to perform the encryption of multiple images, gyrator transform based phase truncation and phase reservation technique has been used in the first level of security whereas three step phase-shifting digital holography has been used to obtain the final ciphertext. This ciphertext is embedded in the host image to perform the watermarking process. In this process, the host is further decomposed into three parts in which anyone from the last two parts can be used for watermark embedding whereas first part is stored as key. The use of polar decomposition in the watermarking process provides additional layer for security. Numerical simulation and experimental results have been presented to support the proposed scheme.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric multi-image encoding and hiding scheme with structured fingerprint phase masks using gyrator transform and phase-shifting digital holography

Kumar Rao,

Nishchal

2024

J. Opt.

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“…The integrity test will be failed if the extracted watermark from the host media is found to be destroyed. These types of techniques are termed fragile watermark techniques, as opposed to robust watermarking methods, which are used mainly for copyright protection [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hologram authentication based on a secure watermarking algorithm using cellular automata

2014

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A secure watermarking algorithm for hologram authentication is presented in this paper. The algorithm exploits the noise-like feature of holograms to randomly embed a watermark in the domain of the discrete cosine transform with marginal degradation in transparency. The pseudo random number (PRN) generators based on a cellular automata algorithm with asymmetrical and nonlocal connections are used for the random hiding. Each client has its own unique PRN generators for enhancing the watermark security. In the proposed algorithm, watermarks are also randomly generated to eliminate the requirements of prestoring watermarks in the clients and servers. An authentication scheme is then proposed for the algorithm with random watermark generation and hiding.

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“…A possible solution to protect from hologram piracy could be embedding a watermark into the hologram. Watermarking of 2D or 3D data has been extensively studied to provide protection for digital image, audio, and video [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

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confidence: 99%

Digital Fresnel hologram watermarking

Nishchal

Pitkäaho

Naughton

2010

2010 9th Euro-American Workshop on Information Optics

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-We present a method of digital hologram watermarking using a Fresnel hologram of a real-world 3D object and the fractional Fourier transform. A watermark is encrypted using double random phase fractional Fourier domain encoding technique and then encoded into the digital hologram. The hologram is watermarked in a plane at some known distance from the object so that even if a new hologram is generated from the original hologram the watermark can always be traced by propagating the new hologram back to the object and then onto the watermark plane. The watermark is retrieved successfully using the correct encryption parameters. We consider both numerical (full complex field) and optoelectronic (phase-only) reconstruction methods. We obtain the watermark from different windows of the hologram corresponding to different reconstruction perspectives.

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Watermarking by encrypted Fourier holography

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Asymmetric multi-image encoding and hiding scheme with structured fingerprint phase masks using gyrator transform and phase-shifting digital holography

Asymmetric multi-image encoding and hiding scheme with structured fingerprint phase masks using gyrator transform and phase-shifting digital holography

Hologram authentication based on a secure watermarking algorithm using cellular automata

Digital Fresnel hologram watermarking

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