2011
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-25073-6_44
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Watermarking for Ontologies

Abstract: Abstract. In this paper, we study watermarking methods to prove the ownership of an ontology. Different from existing approaches, we propose to watermark not by altering existing statements, but by removing them. Thereby, our approach does not introduce false statements into the ontology. We show how ownership of ontologies can be established with provably tight probability bounds, even if only parts of the ontology are being re-used. We finally demonstrate the viability of our approach on real-world ontologie… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…This process is repeated until n facts have been added. 5 We assume a canonical ordering, e.g., alphabetical. Detection.…”
Section: Additive Watermarkingmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…This process is repeated until n facts have been added. 5 We assume a canonical ordering, e.g., alphabetical. Detection.…”
Section: Additive Watermarkingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ontologies on the Semantic Web are usually available under some kind of license, such as the Creative-Commons License (CC) 1 or the GNU General Public License (GPL) 2 . Table 1 lists some of the major ontologies with their licenses [5]. Most licenses give users a free hand to use the data as they please.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Due to the list representation, watermarks are encoded in the execution state of the application rather than in its syntax, which makes it robust against attacks. Suchanek et al propose an interesting approach for watermarking ontologies [46]. In this approach the authors propose to rather remove existing information than adding new information or modifying existing information.…”
Section: Watermarkingmentioning
confidence: 99%