Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Inhalation Triggers Thrombogenicity, Cardiac Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice: Effects of Flavouring

Abstract

The consumption of water-pipe smoking (WPS) has been promoted by the use of flavoured tobacco. However, little is known about the impact of flavouring on the cardiovascular toxicity induced by WPS inhalation. Here, we compared the cardiovascular effects and underlying mechanism of actions of plain (P) (unflavoured) versus apple-flavoured (AF) WPS (30 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 1 month) in mice. Control mice were exposed to air. Both P- and AF-WPS inhalation induced an increase in systolic blood pressure, thrombogenicity and plasma concentration of fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. In heart homogenates, AF-WPS inhalation caused an increase of 8-isoprostane and a decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Nevertheless, P-WPS decreased only the activity of SOD. The concentrations of tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β were increased only in heart homogenates of mice exposed to AF-WPS. Although both P- and AF-WPS increased the concentration of troponin I in heart homogenates and induced DNA damage, the concentration of cleaved caspase 3 was only increased in mice exposed to AF-WPS. Immunohistochemical analysis of the hearts showed that both P- and AF- WPS inhalation decreased the expression of SOD. Moreover, the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 at nuclear level in the heart was higher in both AF-WPS and P-WPS compared with control group, and the effect observed in AF-WPS group was more significant than that seen in P-WPS group. Likewise, the concentration of heme oxygenase-1 was significantly increased in both P-WPS and AF-WPS groups compared with control group, and the effect seen in AF-group was higher than that observed in P-WPS group. In conclusion, our findings showed that both P- and AF-WPS induce thrombogenicity and cardiac injury, and that this toxicity is potentiated by the presence of flavouring.

The Chronic Effects of Narghile Use on Males’ Cardiovascular Response During Exercise: A Systematic Review

“…The main results of some experimental studies aiming to determine the harmful effects of narghile use on animals’ resting cardiovascular data and their underlying mechanisms are highlighted in the online Appendix. Briefly, the advanced underlying mechanisms were the following: systemic inflammation, heart inflammation, heart oxidative stress, prothrombotic and thrombotic phenomena, hypercoagulability, apoptosis, genetic changes, gas exchange abnormalities and changes in arterial blood gases, heart morphologic changes, myocardial injury, and cardiotoxicity ( Fahim et al, 2014 ; Nemmar et al, 2015 , 2018 , 2019 , 2020 ; Nemmar, Al-Salam, Beegam, et al, 2017 ; Nemmar, Al-Salam, Yuvaraju, et al, 2017 ; Nemmar, Raza, et al, 2013 ; Nemmar, Yuvaraju, et al, 2013 )…”

“…The lack of specification of the tobacco type is a source of confusion. In fact, there are three different forms of narghile tobacco ( tabamel, tombak and jurak ), and the pattern differs between tombak and jurak , in comparison to tabamel ( Ben Saad, 2009 ; Chaouachi, 2009 ; Nemmar et al, 2020 ). In the future, the used type of narghile tobacco should be noted to allow comparisons between studies.…”

Differences in oxidative stress profile in adolescents smoking waterpipe versus cigarettes: The Irbid TRY Project

“…In animal models, exposure to Wp smoke has been shown to cause oxidative damage and subsequent tissue injury to various body organs including the lungs (Khabour et al, 2018;Khan, Sundar, & Rahman, 2018;Nemmar, Al-Salam, Beegam, Yuvaraju, & Ali, 2020a), heart (Al-Sawalha, Al-Filali, Nemmar et al, 2020b), brain (Alqudah, Alzoubi, Ma'Abrih, & Khabour, 2018;Alzoubi, Halboup, Alomari, & Khabour, 2019a, kidney (Al-Sawalha, Alsari, Khabour, & Alzoubi, 2019c;Nemmar et al, 2020c;Rababa'h, Sultan, Alzoubi, Khabour, & Ababneh, 2016), liver (Charab, Abouzeinab, & Moustafa, 2016), and reproductive organs (Ali, 2017;Al-Sawalha, Almahmmod, Alzoubi, Khabour, & Alyacoub, 2019b). These alterations include induction of oxygen-reactive species, lipid peroxidation, and alteration of antioxidative enzyme activities (Badran & Laher, 2020).…”

Effect of smoking cessation on chronic waterpipe smoke inhalation-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and oxidative stress

“…As described earlier, mice were introduced into lenient restraints and attached to the WPS exposure tower (6,7,18,19). A nose-only setup attached to the WPS device was applied to expose mice by inhalation via their noses to WPS (InExpose System, Scireq, Canada).…”