Watershed sources of disinfection byproduct precursors

Reckhow, David A.; Rees, Paula L.; Bryan, Darleen P.

doi:10.2166/ws.2004.0062

Cited by 42 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…the ratio of the UV absorbance to the dissolved organic carbon concentration). This value has also been found to be a good indicator for the humic content of the water, which has a higher propensity to form DBPs than the non-humic fraction (Reckhow et al 2004). …”

Section: Organic Matrixmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Predicting chlorine decay and THM formation in water supply systems

Brown

Bridgeman

West

2011

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 1976, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) published the results of a national survey that showed that chloroform and other trihalomethanes (THMs) were ubiquitous in chlorinated drinking water. Also in 1976, the US National Cancer Institute published results linking chloroform to cancer in laboratory animals, thus giving rise to an important public health issue. Although numerous disinfection by-products (DBPs) have been reported in the literature since that time, with more than 700 confirmed species to date, only a small number have been addressed in either quantitative or health effects studies. The DBPs that have been quantified in drinking water are generally present at low to mid lg/ l levels or below. Approximately 50% of the total organic halide (TOX) formed during the chlorination of drinking water and more than 50% of the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) formed during ozonation of drinking water is still not accounted for and little is known about the potential toxicity of many of the vast number of DBPs present in drinking water. The presence of free chlorine is a prerequisite to THM formation. Therefore, a robust understanding of the mechanisms of both chlorine decay and THM formation are fundamental to the management of THMs in water supply systems. This paper presents a review of work undertaken to improve our understanding of these key phenomena and highlights areas of vulnerability in our knowledge and so recommends areas of future research.

show abstract

Section: Organic Matrixmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Research has shown algal biomass and extracellular products can act as THM precursor material (Reckhow et al 2004). This is particularly problematic for source waters extracted from eutrophic reservoirs, which can lead to potentially elevated THM concentrations at certain times of the year (Graham et al 1998).…”

Section: Organic Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting chlorine decay and THM formation in water supply systems

Brown

Bridgeman

West

2011

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is reported that DOM initiates photoreactions and that it participates in particle surface and colloid chemistry (Thacker et al 2008). It may produce undesirable substances such as disinfection by-products during water treatment processes (Kitis et al 2001;Reckhow et al 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Spectroscopic and Molecular Weight Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter in a River During a Storm Event

Nguyen

Hur

Shin

2010

Water Air Soil Pollut

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics were investigated during a storm event in the Kyungan River using UV-visible, fluorescence spectroscopy, resin fractionation, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Water samples were collected at nine sampling times to reflect a variation of the river water level. A dramatic increase was observed for chemical oxygen demand (COD) versus biochemical oxygen demand, suggesting that non-biodegradable organic components may be more contained in the organic matters driven by the storm. Specific UV absorbance values increased from 2.15 to 3.16 L/mgC-m, reaching the maximum level at the highest water level. The storm runoff resulted in the reduction of protein-like fluorescence (PLF), the increase of fulvic-like and humic-like fluorescence for the synchronous fluorescence spectra of DOM. Weight-average molecular weight (MW w ) values increased from 1,100 to 1,510 Da due to the increment of high MW fractions in the SEC chromatograms. Overall changes in DOM composition may be explained by the inflow of soil-derived DOM from the upstream basins brought by the storm. The humification index (HIX) exhibited a positive correlation with MW w values, suggesting that HIX may be suggested to a prediction descriptor for DOM MW during the storm event. PLF presented a negative correlation with DOM MW, suggesting that protein-like fluorescent compounds are associated with low MW components in the river. More input of humic substances by the storm runoff appears to shift DOM into a higher MW value as revealed by a positive correlation between MW w and hydrophobic fraction.

show abstract

“…Pre-oxidation with ozone or chlorine dioxide leads to lower yields of THM upon chlorination [4]. Some scientists suggest that controlling DOC at the geographic source may even be the most economical way to control disinfection by-product formation [176,193]. Sometimes, drinking water supplies, primarily from surface waters, are mixed with groundwater reserves in order to dilute DOC concentrations; however, this practice can be counterproductive if the groundwater also contains DOC (or even a high fraction of phenolic compounds).…”

Section: The Impact Of Increased Doc On Drinking Water Supply and Trementioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Levels of Allochthonous Dissolved Organic Carbon in Natural Water: A Review of Potential Mechanisms under a Changing Climate

Pagano

Bida

Kenny

2014

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over the past several decades, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in inland natural water systems has been a popular research topic to a variety of scientific disciplines. Part of the attention has been due to observed changes in DOC concentrations in many of the water systems of the Northern Hemisphere. Shifts in DOC levels, and changes in its composition, are of concern due to its significance in aquatic ecosystem functioning and its potential and realized negative effects on waters that might be treated for drinking purposes. While it may not be possible to establish sound cause and effect relationships using a limited number of drivers, through long-term DOC monitoring studies and a variety of laboratory/field experiments, several explanations for increasing DOC trends have been proposed, including two key mechanisms: decreased atmospheric acid deposition and the increasing impact of climate change agents. The purpose of this review is three-fold: to outline frequently discussed conceptual mechanisms used to explain DOC increases (especially under a changing climate), to discuss the structure of DOC and the impact of higher levels of DOC on drinking water resources, and to provide renewed/sustained interest in DOC research that can encourage interdisciplinary collaboration. Understanding the cycling of carbon from terrestrial ecosystems into natural waters is necessary in the face of a variable OPEN ACCESSWater 2014, 6 2863 and changing climate, as climate change-related mechanisms may become increasingly responsible for variations in the inputs of allochthonous DOC concentrations in water.

show abstract

Watershed sources of disinfection byproduct precursors

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

Predicting chlorine decay and THM formation in water supply systems

Predicting chlorine decay and THM formation in water supply systems

Changes in Spectroscopic and Molecular Weight Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter in a River During a Storm Event

Trends in Levels of Allochthonous Dissolved Organic Carbon in Natural Water: A Review of Potential Mechanisms under a Changing Climate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About