Wave guiding in fractured layered media

Shao, Siyi; Petrovitch, C.; Pyrak‐Nolte, L. J.

doi:10.1144/sp406.8

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…All of the academic and ExxonMobil members of the (FC)2 Alliance are thanked for their input and guidance (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013) where w is the porosity of the rock, r and S are the density and saturation of phase a, respectively, X is the mass fraction of chemical component i in phase a, v is the Darcy velocity, and G is a reaction term for component i in phase a (e.g. adsorption).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was then used to define an upper limit of the seismic velocity anisotropy that would result from a specified set of fractures and served to gauge confidence for interpreting seismic anisotropy as an indicator of fracture presence. Shao et al (2014) advance our understanding of seismic anisotropy by investigating the impacts of both layers and fractures on guided waves. Their experiments explore the relative roles of layer thickness, fracture spacing and wavelength in the generation of guided waves.…”

Section: Selected Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the layers and the fractures generate competing scattering mechanisms, their combined effects can obscure or enhance compressional-mode wave guiding. By understanding the impacts of layering and fractures in situations when layer thickness is either smaller or greater than a seismic wavelength, Shao et al (2014) develop insights into source, layer and fracture configurations that enable the use of guided modes to assess the presence and mechanical properties of fractures. Their method also offers a less complex approach for the interpretation of compressional-wave data.…”

Section: Selected Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fundamental controls on fluid flow in carbonates: current workflows to emerging technologies

Agar

Geiger

2014

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The introduction reviews topics relevant to the fundamental controls on fluid flow in carbonate reservoirs and to the prediction of reservoir performance. The review provides research and industry contexts for papers in this volume only. A discussion of global context and frameworks emphasizes the value yet to be captured from compare and contrast studies. Multidisciplinary efforts highlight the importance of greater integration of sedimentology, diagenesis and structural geology. Developments in analytical and experimental methods, stimulated by advances in the materials sciences, support new insights into fundamental (pore-scale) processes in carbonate rocks. Subsurface imaging methods relevant to the delineation of heterogeneities in carbonates highlight techniques that serve to decrease the gap between seismically resolvable features and well-scale measurements. Methods to fuse geological information across scales are advancing through multiscale integration and proxies. A surge in computational power over the last two decades has been accompanied by developments in computational methods and algorithms. Developments related to visualization and data interaction support stronger geoscience-engineering collaborations. High-resolution and real-time monitoring of the subsurface are driving novel sensing capabilities and growing interest in data mining and analytics. Together, these offer an exciting opportunity to learn more about the fundamental fluid-flow processes in carbonate reservoirs at the interwell scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selected Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selected Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fundamental controls on fluid flow in carbonates: current workflows to emerging technologies

Agar

Geiger

2014

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“…While the focus of this review is on fracture pattern formation, fundamental questions exist on the role of fracture array patterns, mineral bridges, and mineral rinds on elastic wave propagation and scattering in systems. Fracture‐specific stiffness is commonly used in theoretical and numerical studies of wave propagation in fractured media to determine the effect of fractures and fracture sets on seismic wave attenuation and velocity (Bakulin et al, ; Choi et al, ; De Basabe et al, ; Nakagawa & Schoenberg, ; Pyrak‐Nolte et al, , ; Schoenberg & Douma, ; Shao et al, ; Shao & Pyrak‐Nolte, ). Fracture stiffness as currently conceptualized captures the complex topology of a surface in contact with voids of variable shape and aperture and is fundamentally related to fluid flow and seismic wave attenuation and velocity for fractured media (Petrovitch et al, ; Pyrak‐Nolte, ; Pyrak‐Nolte & Nolte, ).…”

Section: Questions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Chemistry in Fracture Pattern Development and Opportunities to Advance Interpretations of Geological Materials

Laubach

Lander²,

Criscenti

et al. 2019

Reviews of Geophysics

229

106

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Fracture pattern development has been a challenging area of research in the Earth sciences for more than 100 years. Much has been learned about the spatial and temporal complexity inherent to these systems, but severe challenges remain. Future advances will require new approaches. Chemical processes play a larger role in opening‐mode fracture pattern development than has hitherto been appreciated. This review examines relationships between mechanical and geochemical processes that influence the fracture patterns recorded in natural settings. For fractures formed in diagenetic settings (~50 to 200 °C), we review evidence of chemical reactions in fractures and show how a chemical perspective helps solve problems in fracture analysis. We also outline impediments to subsurface pattern measurement and interpretation, assess implications of discoveries in fracture history reconstruction for process‐based models, review models of fracture cementation and chemically assisted fracture growth, and discuss promising paths for future work. To accurately predict the mechanical and fluid flow properties of fracture systems, a processes‐based approach is needed. Progress is possible using observational, experimental, and modeling approaches that view fracture patterns and properties as the result of coupled mechanical and chemical processes. A critical area is reconstructing patterns through time. Such data sets are essential for developing and testing predictive models. Other topics that need work include models of crystal growth and dissolution rates under geological conditions, cement mechanical effects, and subcritical crack propagation. Advances in machine learning and 3‐D imaging present opportunities for a mechanistic understanding of fracture formation and development, enabling prediction of spatial and temporal complexity over geologic timescales. Geophysical research with a chemical perspective is needed to correctly identify and interpret fractures from geophysical measurements during site characterization and monitoring of subsurface engineering activities.

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“…Currently, there is no known method for remotely characterizing the state (open, partially open, closed, or sealed) of an intersection, yet their prevalence in the near surface is abundant (Abell, 2015;Bai et al, 2002;Kalenchuck et al, 2006;Maerten et al, 1999). While research has focused on the seismic response of single fractures and parallel sets of fractures (Gu, 1994;Gu et al, 1996;Hildyard et al, 2005;Lubbe & Worthington, 2006;Nakagawa et al, 2002;Nakagawa & Schoenberg, 2007;Nihei et al, 1999;Pecorari, 2003;Pyrak-Nolte et al, 1990a, 1990bShao et al, 2015;Xian et al, 2001), few effective media approaches have been attempted to analyze intersections (Kachanov & Montagut, 1989;Fauriat & Kachanov, 2011), with some research ignoring the effect of intersections on elastic wave propagation (Grechka & Kachanov, 2006). Before analyzing the full intersection geometry and predicting the supported guided modes, we first review the types of guided modes and body waves supported by a single medium, or near the intersection of a set of media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intersection Waves

2017

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Intersections in a fracture network control the connectivity of the flow paths through rock. The long near‐linear geometric nature of fractures makes them difficult to identify and characterize. We present a new type of elastic wave, an intersection wave, which travels along an intersection and is sensitive to the coupling between two orthogonal fractures that define the intersection. Group theory for C2v and C4v point groups predicts sets of propagating elastic waves confined to the fracture intersection. Along with the use of the wave equation and displacement discontinuity boundary conditions, the dispersion relationships for intersection waves are predicted. Experimental ultrasonic measurements on a nonwelded linear intersection between two orthogonal, synthetic fractures in aluminum confirm the existence of multiple modes that travel between the speed of wedge waves (sub‐Rayleigh waves) when the intersection is completely, and bulk shear waves, when the intersection is closed, as predicted by theory. Between these two limits, the intersection behaves as a nonwelded contact and yields these new intersection waves that are dispersive and sensitive to the coupling along the intersection. Intersection waves provide the foundation for new geophysical approaches for characterizing the hydraulic connectivity of fracture networks.

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Wave guiding in fractured layered media

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Fundamental controls on fluid flow in carbonates: current workflows to emerging technologies

Fundamental controls on fluid flow in carbonates: current workflows to emerging technologies

The Role of Chemistry in Fracture Pattern Development and Opportunities to Advance Interpretations of Geological Materials

Intersection Waves

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