Wave Propagation and Structural Health Monitoring Application on Parts Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing

Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) applications have been steadily increasing in many industry sectors. AM allows creating complex geometries inside of a part to leave some space empty, called infills. Lighter parts are manufactured in a shorter time with less warpage if the strength of the part meets the design requirements. While the benefits of structural health monitoring (SHM) have been proven in different structures, few studies have investigated SHM methods on AM parts. In this study, the relationship between wave propagation and infill density has been studied for the additively manufactured polymer parts. The propagation of surface waves is monitored by using piezoelectric elements. Four rectangular parts are manufactured by using the material extrusion method with 20%, 40%, 60%, and 100% rectilinear infill densities. Four piezoelectric elements were attached on the surface of each beam, one for excitation and three for monitoring the response of the part at equal distances on each part. The results demonstrated that the surface waves diminish faster at parts with lower densities. The received signal in the part with totally solid infills showed about 10 times higher amplitudes compare with the part with 20% infill. The surface response to excitation (SuRE) method was used for sensing the loading on the part. Also, the wave propagation speed was calculated with exciting parts with a pulse signal with a 10-microsecond duration. The wave propagation speed was almost the same for all infill densities.

3D printing in materials manufacturing industry: A realm of Industry 4.0

“…The operating faults include the actuators' failure to execute the 3D printing task because of improper setting of the processing parameters and external disturbances. On the other hand, the faults associated with the health conditions may result from the mechanical damage of the AM actuators [131] , [132] , [133] .…”

Guided Waves Propagation in Additively Manufactured GF30‐PA6 Panel

“…While, Falcetelli et al [9] used optical fibers to monitor structures produced with the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique. Modir et al [10] proposed an SHM system based on ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs) for additively manufactured polymer parts, characterized by different infill densities. Among the two aforementioned technologies, UGWs appear more promising since UGWs are elastic waves that can travel along thin-walled structures with low attenuation and high sensitivity to reveal several types of damage.…”

Detection of Anomalies in Additively Manufactured Metal Parts Using CNN and LSTM Networks

“…The SuRE method is an active SHM method that has shown promising results in metal, composite, and polymer components [37]. In this technique the structure is excited with surface waves using a piezoelectric transducer and the dynamic response to excitation at the desired location is recorded using one/multiple piezoelectric sensors [38]. In this study, the SuRE method is used for recording the dynamic response to excitation in conventionally and additively manufactured metal bars.…”