Wave propagation of meteotsunamis and generation of free tsunamis in the sloping area of the Japan Trench for the 2022 Hunga–Tonga volcanic eruption

Tonegawa, Takashi; Fukao, Yoshio

doi:10.1186/s40623-022-01727-x

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This further strengthens the claim that bathymetry slope plays a vital role in near‐shore coastal processes and inturn in the dynamics of meteotsunami. These results are very similar to the recent observation along the Japanese coast, that meteotsunami were not observed at water depths shallower than 2,000 m (Tonegawa & Fukao, 2022). Notably, the Froude number is significantly greater than 1 in the BoB, impeding a forced wave amplification (Proudman resonance), in contrast to the Japan coast (Devlin et al., 2023).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Volcanic Eruption Triggers a Rare Meteotsunami in the Indian Ocean

Anup,

Rohith,

Vijith

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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This study presents the observation and evaluation of a meteotsunami in the Indian Ocean triggered by the Hunga‐Tonga volcanic eruption. The event was detected through tide gauges and bottom‐pressure recordings across the Indian Ocean, with an amplitude of 10–15 cm, lasting for a few days. A numerical model was used to understand the ocean's response to meteotsunami and evaluate the dynamics behind it. The model results show that the sea‐level oscillations result from the ocean waves generated by a propagating Lamb wave. In addition to interaction with bathymetry, refracted and reflected waves also determine the sea‐level variability. Our analysis shows that bathymetric slope plays a vital role in near‐shore processes. The spectral and spatial characteristics of the meteotsunami were reminiscent of seismic tsunamis. Our research on this rare event elucidates the unresolved issues and eventually leads to designing a blueprint for future observation and modeling of meteotsunamis and seismic tsunamis.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Volcanic Eruption Triggers a Rare Meteotsunami in the Indian Ocean

Anup,

Rohith,

Vijith

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…4 and fig. S1E) (13)(14)(15), potentially influencing sea level changes in coastal areas. The eruption became visible as a plume just after 4:00 UT on 15 January 2022 (18,19,23) A seismic event occurred at 4:15 to 4:16 UT (23,24), and the large Lamb wave amplitudes were observed at 4:20 to 4:30 UT (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). The large peaks in the air pressure correspond to the Lamb waves, whereas those in the seafloor pressures contain both meteotsunamis and free waves (tsunamis) generated from the meteotsunamis propagating in the bathymetric slope area (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Free waves are ocean surface waves that are driven by the restoring gravity force, and tsunamis are a type of free wave.…”

Section: Spectral Peak At 36 Mhz In the Air And Seafloor Pressuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesospheric pressure source from the 2022 Hunga, Tonga eruption excites 3.6-mHz air-sea coupled waves

Tonegawa

Fukao

2023

Sci. Adv.

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Lamb waves and meteotsunamis generated by the Tonga volcanic eruption in 2022 were observed worldwide. Here, we show a distinct spectral peak at approximately 3.6 millihertz in the air and seafloor pressures of those waves. The peak in the air pressure represents resonant coupling between Lamb and thermospheric gravity waves. To reproduce the observed spectral structure up to 4 millihertz, an upward-moving pressure source with a duration of 1500 seconds should be placed at altitudes of 58 to 70 kilometers, which are slightly higher than the overshooting plume top of 50 to 57 kilometers. The high-frequency meteotsunamis forced by the coupled wave are further amplified by near resonance with the tsunami mode upon their passage through the deep Japan Trench. From the spectral structure of broadband Lamb waves including the 3.6-millihertz peak, we suggest that the pressure sources for generating the Pacific-scale air-sea disturbances are in the mesosphere.

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“…The early arrival of oceanic waves, caused by interactions between the travelling atmospheric pressure disturbances and the ocean surface, are referred to as meteotsunamis (Monserrat, Vilibić & Rabinovich 2006). This phenomenon was observed in different locations around the globe after the Tonga event (Tonegawa & Fukao 2022;Hu et al 2023). Figure 2 shows the ground pressure fluctuations reported in mainland United States and Japan and runup values at coastal locations across the globe, highlighting the global impact of the generated meteotunamis and the importance of a reliable model for their prediction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Two-way coupled long-wave isentropic ocean-atmosphere dynamics

Winn

Sarmiento²,

Alferez

et al. 2023

J. Fluid Mech.

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The events following the 15 January 2022 explosions of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano highlighted the need for a better understanding of ocean-atmosphere interactions when large amounts of energy are locally injected into one (or both). Starting from the compressible Euler equations, a two-way coupled (TWC) system is derived governing the long-wave behaviour of the ocean and atmosphere under isentropic constraint. Bathymetry and topography are accounted for along with three-dimensional atmospheric non-uniformities through their depth average over a spherical shell. A linear analysis, yielding two pairs of gravito-acoustic waves, offers explanations for phenomena observed during the Tonga event. A continuous transcritical regime (in terms of water depth) is identified as the source of large wave generation in deep water bodies, removing the singularity-driven Proudman-type resonance observed in one-way coupled models. The refractive properties, governing the interaction of the atmospheric wave with step changes in water depth, are derived to comment on mode-to-mode energy transfer. Two-dimensional global simulations modelling the propagation of the atmospheric wave (under realistic conditions on the day) and its worldwide effect on oceans are presented. Local maxima of water-height disturbance in the farfield from the volcano, linked to the atmospheric wave deformation (in agreement with observations), are identified, emphasising the importance of the TWC model for any daylong predictions. The proposed framework can be extended to include additional layers and physics, e.g. ocean and atmosphere stratification. With the aim of contributing to warning system improvement, the code necessary to simulate the event with the proposed model is made available.

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Wave propagation of meteotsunamis and generation of free tsunamis in the sloping area of the Japan Trench for the 2022 Hunga–Tonga volcanic eruption

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Volcanic Eruption Triggers a Rare Meteotsunami in the Indian Ocean

Volcanic Eruption Triggers a Rare Meteotsunami in the Indian Ocean

Mesospheric pressure source from the 2022 Hunga, Tonga eruption excites 3.6-mHz air-sea coupled waves

Two-way coupled long-wave isentropic ocean-atmosphere dynamics

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