Waveform design for higher-level 3D constellation mappings and its construction based on regular tetrahedron cells

Shi, Pengfei; Huan, Hao; Tao, Ran

doi:10.1007/s11432-014-5234-1

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is noted that the dimension of both QPSK and QFPSK is 2, while the modulation mode is different. According to the waveform design in (2), the conception of new 3D coordinate system is first given in our previous paper [10] as follows.…”

Section: Generalized Constellation Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [10], we only give the conceptual description of the 3D coordinate in (3). The purpose of the 3D coordinates is to unify the existing digital modulation together.…”

Section: Generalized Constellation Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 ) with spherical coordinate system in [10], which form a regular tetrahedron together with the corresponding waveform,…”

Section: Quantitative Representation For 3d Coordinatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [10], we have preliminarily designed the 3D cylindrical coordinate system composed by frequency (f ), in-phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) to unify the phase and frequency modulation. In this paper, the quantitative representation for 3D coordinates is obtained by the minimum Euclidean distance (MED) of frequency shift keying (FSK) and phase shift keying (PSK).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generalized spatial representation for digital modulation and its potential application

Huan

Shi

Yan

et al. 2016

Sci. China Inf. Sci.

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Constellation mapping has provided a great convenience to measure the performance of digital signal modulation in Euclid space. However, traditional in-phase and quadrature (IQ) plane is difficult to express the frequency modulation scheme such as minimum shift keying (MSK) and the time domain modulation such as cyclic code shift keying (CCSK). How to represent the digital signal modulation visually through constellation mapping is an attractive problem. To address this issue, in this paper, the combined frequency and phase modulation are utilized to define a new kind of constellation mapping, where the phase and frequency are quantized to the same elements. The uniform geometric construction for combined phase and frequency modulation is redefined in the 3D cylindrical coordinate system based on frequency (f), in-phase component (I) and quadrature component (Q). In the new coordinates, the quadrature frequency-phase shift keying (QFPSK) is produced by the QPSK with dimensional rotation matrix and denoted by the reduced dual quaternion. Furthermore, the spatial extension from QFPSK to chirp cyclic shift keying (Chirp CSK) is analyzed with bandwidth efficiency and energy efficiency. At last, the QFPSK is combined with the 2D OFDM, yielding the image OFDM system. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of QFPSK in the proposed system with the time-varying wireless channel and frequency selective fading channel respectively.

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Section: Generalized Constellation Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [10], we only give the conceptual description of the 3D coordinate in (3). The purpose of the 3D coordinates is to unify the existing digital modulation together.…”

Section: Generalized Constellation Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 ) with spherical coordinate system in [10], which form a regular tetrahedron together with the corresponding waveform,…”

Section: Quantitative Representation For 3d Coordinatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generalized spatial representation for digital modulation and its potential application

Huan

Shi

Yan

et al. 2016

Sci. China Inf. Sci.

Self Cite

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“…Taking 16-ary 3D constellation for illustration, the 3D constellation composed of four regular tetrahedrons is formed after serial-to-parallel (S/P) converting and constellation mapping, as shown in Fig. 2(a) [19]. It can be seen that the minimum Euclidean distance between constellation points is set as 2, with 4 constellation points located in the inner layer and 12 constellation points located in the outer layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security-Enhanced 3D-CAP-PON Based on Two-Stage Spherical Constellation Masking

Ren

Liu

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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A security-enhanced three-dimensional carrier-less amplitude phase passive optical network (3D-CAP-PON) based on two-stage spherical constellation masking is proposed in this paper, where Chua's circuit map and one-dimensional Logistic map are jointly applied to implement rotation-based and scaling-based 3D-constellation masking. The rotation masking converts the constellation into two spherical layers with different radii, while the scaling masking leads to a hollow sphere with thick wall. The dimensional expansion of the constellation, combined with the joint adoption of two chaotic models, enable more flexibility and security for constellation encryption. And the key space of the proposed scheme is 73 1.2 10  when taking only initial values and step lengths of chaotic models into consideration. A 4 Gb/s encrypted 3D-CAP-16 signal transmission over 25 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) is experimentally demonstrated. The experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively protect the system from any illegal optical network unit (ONU) attack, proving to be a promising candidate for future physically secure 3D-CAP-PON. INDEX TERMS 3D constellation, spherical constellation masking, chaotic encryption, carrier-less amplitude phase, passive optical network.

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Generalized contact model for polyhedra in three‐dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis

Zheng

Jiao

Sitar

2018

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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We present a generalized contact computation model for arbitrarily shaped polyhedra to simplify the contact analysis in discontinuous deformation analysis. A list of generalized contact constraints can be established for contacting polyhedra during contact detection. Each contact constraint contains information for 2 contact points, unique contact plane, and related contact modes (open, locked, or sliding). Computational aspects of the generalized contact model include identification of contact positions and contact modes, uniform penalty formulation of generalized contact constraint, and uniform updating of contact modes and contact planes in the open-close iteration. Compared with previous strategies, the generalized contact computation model has a simpler data structure and fewer memory requirements. Meanwhile, it simplifies the penalty formulation and facilitates the open-close iteration check while producing enough accuracy. Illustrative examples show the ability of the method to handle the full range of polyhedral shapes. KEYWORDS contact formulation, contact identification, generalized contact model, open-close iteration, threedimensional discontinuous deformation analysis 1 | INTRODUCTIONCorrectly modeling contact interaction of discrete bodies is the key issue in discontinuous computation methods. 1-5 Focusing on polyhedral bodies, resolving the contact interaction is difficult as the non-smooth change of polyhedron face normal. In DEM and FDEM modeling, the common plane model, 2 the energy-conserving contact interaction model, 6 the triangulated rounded bodies model, 7 the polygon-based description, 8 the potential particle model, 9,10 dilated polyhedra 11,12 and the potential function model 13,14 have been applied to treat contact of polyhedra. These contact models are mostly for granular materials such as ballast and soils, and the contact interaction law is based on the overlap of 2 contact bodies. However, for the 3-dimensional (3-D) discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method, 3,4 a strict "no penetration" requirement leads to very small overlap during contact interaction. The resolution algorithms for both convex and concave polyhedral blocks are mostly depending on the classification of the contact types. [15][16][17] The final contact constraint information can be obtained according to the first entrance rule or shortest exist rule. 5 A 4-type identification phase 15-17 and the separate treating of the vertex-to-face model 18,19 and edge-to-edge models [20][21][22] are used, which may complicate the data structures and contact analysis procedure of the program. A more general contact model for polyhedral blocks that strictly fits the contact constraint requirement and the implicit solution approach

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Waveform design for higher-level 3D constellation mappings and its construction based on regular tetrahedron cells

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Generalized spatial representation for digital modulation and its potential application

Generalized spatial representation for digital modulation and its potential application

Security-Enhanced 3D-CAP-PON Based on Two-Stage Spherical Constellation Masking

Generalized contact model for polyhedra in three‐dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis

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