Wavefront shaping optical elements recorded in photo-thermo-refractive glass

Divliansky, Ivan; Kompan, Fedor; Hale, Evan R.; SeGall, Marc; Schülzgen, Axel; Glebov, Leonid

doi:10.1364/ao.58.000d61

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Induced by UV exposure and subsequent thermal developed nanosized NaF crystal dispersed in glass matrix, a refractive index change of amplitude as high as 1000ppm is resulted [1,2] . Owing to their unique high amplitude of refractive index change, excellent thermal stability and high transparency, PTR glasses have found extensive applications as a matrix material for fabrication of various volume Bragg grating that are extensively serving as wavelength selective elements in construction of high performance lasers, spectroscopies, 3-D display instruments and AR devices [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] as well. Moreover, PTR glasses have been expecting to play even more important role in the realm of fiber optical [12] devices and integrated photonic [13][14] devices, for its unique characteristics stated above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical waveguide manufactured in photo-thermo-refractive glass substrate by ion exchange

Hao

Guo

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies and Applications 2022; And 2nd International Forum of Young Scientists on Advanced

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Photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glasses exhibit promising characteristics for volume Bragg grating fabrication, one of key devices for construction of high performance lasers, among other optical device and systems. Aiming at employing this type of glass materials in the field of integrated photonics, buried optical channel waveguide is manufactured in PTR glass substrate by Ag + /Na + thermal ion exchange and subsequent field assisted ion migration. The Ag + doped zone in glass substrate, which is also the waveguide core, can be driven to several micrometers under the glass substrate surface, which decreases the propagation loss to a value as low as 0.12dB/cm, by eliminate scattering loss at glass substrate defects. Cross section of the waveguide core can be also engineered to match the core of single mode fiber, ensures a low coupling loss to single mode fiber. Analysis demonstrated that the buried optical waveguide fabrication proves can be expected to be applied in functional integrated optical device implementation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical waveguide manufactured in photo-thermo-refractive glass substrate by ion exchange

Hao

Guo

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies and Applications 2022; And 2nd International Forum of Young Scientists on Advanced

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“…Induced by UV exposure and subsequent thermally developed nano-sized NaF crystals dispersed in the glass matrix, a refractive index decrement of amplitude as high as 1000ppm can be expected [1][2][3] . Owing to their uniquely high amplitude of refractive index change, high thermal stability, and good optical transparency, PTR glasses have found extensive applications as a matrix material for the fabrication of various volume Bragg gratings that are extensively serving as wavelength-selective elements for the construction of high-performance lasers, spectroscopies, 3-D display instruments and AR devices [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] as well. Moreover, driven by strong application demands of optical devices in the field of optoelectronics, PTR glasses have been expected to play an even more important role in the fabrication of fiber optical devices [14] , guided-wave devices [15][16][17][18] , and optical amplifier [19][20] as well, thanks to their excellent comprehensive performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical waveguide in thermally developed photo-thermo-refractive glass substrate

Hao

et al. 2023

Ninth Symposium on Novel Photoelectronic Detection Technology and Applications

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Photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glasses are a new category of materials that possess special characteristics of refractive index decrement induced by UV exposure and subsequent thermal development. PTR glasses have been extensively utilized for the fabrication of various volume Bragg grating and are expected to play an important role in the construction of high-performance guided-wave devices. Investigations on the optical waveguide fabrication process in thermally developed PTR glass Substrate are demonstrated. Optical grade PTR glass of the SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-ZnO-NaF-KBr system and doped with Ce, Ag, Sb, and Sn, is firstly melted, and then glass wafers made of the homemade PTR glass are UV exposed and thermal developed, during which nanometer-sized NaF crystalline is formed in these PTR glass wafers. The thermally developed PTR glass wafers are finally subjected to conventional glass-based optical waveguide melt salt thermal Ag+/Na+ ion exchange and subsequently field-assisted ion diffusion for waveguide fabrication. Results exhibited that buried channel optical waveguide, with Ag+ doped waveguide core dimension of approximately 9.5μm×8.6μm buried 5.2μm under the substrate surface can be obtained by the current procedure. In the current paper, the feasibility of implementing buried waveguide fabrication in thermally developed PTR glass materials is experimentally demonstrated. Since the shape and dimension of the waveguide core is well matched to that of single-mode fiber, and the buried waveguide eliminates scattering loss at the glass substrate surface, the buried optical waveguide is expected to find applications in guided-wave device fabrication.

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“…Photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass is a widely used multifunctional transparent material for recording volume holographic gratings [1][2][3] and fabricating a variety of integrated optical elements [4,5]. The excellent manifold properties of PTR glass are chiefly determined by its unique photosensitiveness [6] that is related to the dopants of Ag 2 O, CeO 2 , Sb 2 O 3 , and SnO 2 in trace amounts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of CeO2 and Sb2O3 on the Nonlinear Photochemical Process in Ultrashort Laser Gaussian—Bessel Beams Irradiated Photo—Thermo—Refractive Glass

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Micromachines

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Microfluidic chips and optical elements can be fabricated based on the nonlinear photosensitivity in photo–thermo–refractive (PTR) glass by controlling the growth of nanocrystals in the femtosecond (fs) laser–irradiated region. Here, we focus on CeO2 and Sb2O3 that play important roles in UV irradiation, experimentally investigate the effects of the dopants on the nonlinear photochemical process in PTR glass triggered by fs Gaussian–Bessel beams. The results show that the generation of Ag0 atoms and the Ag nanoparticles can be improved by CeO2 and Sb2O3 co–doping. Besides, each multivalent ion in PTR glass possibly participates in the electron transfer processes and contributes to the generation of Ag0 atoms. Finally, X–ray diffraction analysis reveals the precipitation of NaF nanocrystals with an average size of 10 to 12 nm after laser irradiation and thermal treatment, which is unrelated to the dopants.

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Wavefront shaping optical elements recorded in photo-thermo-refractive glass

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Optical waveguide manufactured in photo-thermo-refractive glass substrate by ion exchange

Optical waveguide manufactured in photo-thermo-refractive glass substrate by ion exchange

Optical waveguide in thermally developed photo-thermo-refractive glass substrate

Effects of CeO2 and Sb2O3 on the Nonlinear Photochemical Process in Ultrashort Laser Gaussian—Bessel Beams Irradiated Photo—Thermo—Refractive Glass

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