Waveguide in Tm<sup>3+</sup>-Doped Chalcogenide Glass Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing

Wang, Junli; He, Borong; Dai, Shixun; Zhu, Jiangfeng; Wei, Zhiyi

doi:10.1109/lpt.2014.2365619

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The first report on fs laser-written waveguides in a family of glasses was presented by Davis et al in 1996 23 . Subsequently, numerous reports have focused on waveguide fabrication in various transparent materials 24 25 26 27 28 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared laser emission from Cr:ZnS channel waveguide fabricated by femtosecond laser helical writing

Peng

Zou

Bai

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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The operation of a mid-infrared laser at 2244 nm in a Cr:ZnS polycrystalline channel waveguide fabricated using direct femtosecond laser writing with a helical movement technique is demonstrated. A maximum power output of 78 mW and an optical-to-optical slope efficiency of 8.6% are achieved. The compact waveguide structure with 2 mm length was obtained through direct femtosecond laser writing, which was moved on a helical trajectory along the laser medium axis and parallel to the writing direction.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared laser emission from Cr:ZnS channel waveguide fabricated by femtosecond laser helical writing

Peng

Zou

Bai

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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“…In 2012, Kohoutek et al [130] inscribed relief diffraction grating into the surface of Ge 15 Ga 3 Sb 12 S 70 bulk glass (Figure 6j). In 2015, Wang et al [133] investigated the effect of process parameters on the transmission loss of a single-line waveguide in the Tm 3+ -doped chalcogenide glass, obtaining the minimum transmission loss of 0.86 dB cm −1 . The experimental results demonstrate that optimizing the laser scanning speed, pulse energy, and other parameters has a positive effect on decreasing the transmission loss.…”

Section: Chalcogenide Glassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Waveguides Fabricated via Femtosecond Direct Laser Writing: Processes, Materials, and Devices

Cao

Qiu

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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As the most fundamental unit of photonic integration, optical waveguides offer the possibility of developing efficient and practical photonic chips by facilitating the on‐chip integration of devices with different functions. Femtosecond direct laser writing (FsDLW), as a burgeoning 3D microfabrication technology, can realize the rapid formation of arbitrary optical waveguides without any mask inside versatile materials, such as crystalline dielectric crystals, glasses, polymers, and photoresists. This significant material‐independence allows FsDLW to combine different materials and manufacturing processes to implement a cross‐platform solution. This review first describes the different optical loss types and suitable measurement methods for different applicable scenes, then summarizes the two fabrication mechanisms and points out the general direction for adjusting the waveguide properties by fabrication processes. Finally, the application fields and development prospects of different materials are discussed by overviewing the characteristics of different materials and the material selection preferences of different devices. With a panoramic view of the development, it is concluded with insights and perspectives of the future development of optical waveguides and processing technology via FsDLW.

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“…[ 36,37 ] The phase transition significantly changes the permittivity of chalcogenide alloy that, in turn, leads to a massive shift of the working frequency of the devices and hence altering functionalities. Note that, the chalcogenide alloy has proved to be promising and useful for optical WGs, [ 38,39 ] fibers, [ 40 ] and photonics crystals devices. [ 41 ] Our study extends the above knowledge into the area of manipulation of micro–nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconfigurable Size‐Sorting of Micronanoparticles in Chalcogenide Waveguide Array

Lian

Mao

et al. 2022

Advanced Photonics Research

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Since the experimental demonstration of optical tweezers in 1970s, [1] it has been rapidly developed into noninvasive and versatile tool to manipulate atoms [2] and biomolecules. [3,4] Particularly, the optical trapping is based upon the gradient force whose direction and magnitude are determined by the local field gradient. [5][6][7] In order to manipulate multiple entities with the different sizes (i.e., viruses and DNAs), the optical tweezers need to be assisted with the other forces. [8] For example, by combining the quasi-Bessel beam with the forces induced by both fluid and photoresist, sub-100 nm particles can be separated. [9] Other schemes, like acoustics [10,11] and microfluidics, [12][13][14] are also promising for separating biomolecules with diameter of %μm. [15] Ultimately, whereas, optical tweezers face two critical challenges; first, the diffraction limits how tightly the beam can be focused hence limiting the trapping strength; second, the short focal depth of trapping area forbids the continuously optical transportation of nanoparticles using free space light. [16,17] As such, the diffraction limit of optical tweezers restrains the manipulated particles' size to be micrometer. Thus, optical trapping and long-distance transporting of particles with the size ranging from nanometer to micrometer by free-space beam is extremely formidable. To manipulate subwavelength particles, optical waveguides (WGs) confining light beam within solid structures have been intensively investigated. Such a light confinement can lead to a self-consistent beam that indefinitely transmits through the WG without loss or varying its form. [18,19] To this end, optical forces produced by the different kinds of dielectric nanostructures like channel WG, [20][21][22] WG loops, [23] rib WG, [24] and slot WG [16,17] have attracted intense attentions. These structures produce E-field decaying exponentially within a region above the diffraction limits. They can trap nanometersized objects to WG's surface and transport them by transmission fields. Most WG structures are often designed to manipulate the nanoparticles and employed rarely for microscale objects. In the meantime, the size of fluidic channels cannot diminish from nanoscale biomolecules (i.e., DNA and viruses) to microscale liquid droplets. [25] This issue has been somewhat resolved by manipulating and sorting microsphere that acts as carriers of biomolecules with a quantity of DNAs or proteins attaching on them. [26,27] The new-generation "lab-on-chip" sorting system [28,29] will merge optical manipulation, microfluidic, and some other techniques to obtain size-sorting of micronanoobjects over a single chip. Such a system entails tunable manipulation techniques that can convey and trap different sized particles freely between regimes.The chalcogenide alloys, pioneered by Ovshinsky, [30] are well known for their successful applications in phase-change memory and rewritable optical discs due to the advantages of rapid switching speed, excellent scalability, high cyclabil...

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Waveguide in Tm³⁺-Doped Chalcogenide Glass Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Mid-infrared laser emission from Cr:ZnS channel waveguide fabricated by femtosecond laser helical writing

Mid-infrared laser emission from Cr:ZnS channel waveguide fabricated by femtosecond laser helical writing

Optical Waveguides Fabricated via Femtosecond Direct Laser Writing: Processes, Materials, and Devices

Reconfigurable Size‐Sorting of Micronanoparticles in Chalcogenide Waveguide Array

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Waveguide in Tm3+-Doped Chalcogenide Glass Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Mid-infrared laser emission from Cr:ZnS channel waveguide fabricated by femtosecond laser helical writing

Mid-infrared laser emission from Cr:ZnS channel waveguide fabricated by femtosecond laser helical writing

Optical Waveguides Fabricated via Femtosecond Direct Laser Writing: Processes, Materials, and Devices

Reconfigurable Size‐Sorting of Micronanoparticles in Chalcogenide Waveguide Array

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Waveguide in Tm³⁺-Doped Chalcogenide Glass Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing