Waveguiding effect on optical spatial solitons in centrosymmetric photorefractive materials

Bright optical spatial solitons in a photovoltaic photorefractive waveguide exhibiting the two photon photorefractive effect

“…An interesting mechanism which supports the self trapping process in photorefractives is the creation of a channel waveguide. The self defocusing of an optical beam induced by diffraction can be countered by the waveguiding effect and hence the waveguide supports the formation of solitons [12,19,45]. This results in lowering of the threshold power required to self trap a light beam as compared to the threshold power required in bulk photorefractive media.…”

“…The optical beam is polarized along the x-direction while we shall consider the diffraction to be along x-axis only. The electric field of the incident optical beam satisfies the following modified Helmholtz equation [12,19,45],…”

“…[47], Anderson set a trend by suggesting the use of Gaussian profile in variational methods. Subsequently, this was implemented by many researchers in nonlinear optics [12,19,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. Gaussian ansatz is most widely used for approximating solutions for non integrable systems and most widely used by the nonlinear optics and soliton community.…”

“…This results in lowering of the threshold power required to self trap a light beam as compared to the threshold power required in bulk photorefractive media. Photorefractive waveguides have attracted much interest recently with investigations of formation and propagation characteristics of solitons in waveguides embedded in different types of photorefractive crystals [12,19,45]. To the best of our knowledge, no one has investigated the self trapping in a photovoltaic photorefractive waveguide having two-photon photorefractive effect as yet and that will be our objective in this paper.…”

Ultra-High Nonlinear Lead Silicate Photonic Crystal Fiber with Two Zero Dispersion for Supercontinuum Generation Applications

“…in 1996 [1] and generally have the defected central core surrounded by air holes cladding in a regular triangular or hexagonal lattice pattern. The effective refractive index contrast between core and cladding with flexibility of design promises excellent optical properties like high nonlinear coefficient [2,3], zero dispersion [2,3], endless single mode propagation [4], and high birefringence [4] etc. PCFs can achieve a high effective nonlinear coefficient by keeping effective mode field area as small as possible.…”