Wavelength accuracy and output power of multiwavelength DFB laser arrays with integrated star couplers and optical amplifiers

<title>Semiconductor lasers for wavelength division multiplexing systems</title>

“…Wavelength tuning by altering the bias current has been also investigated for obtaining very closely spaced WDM (FDM) laser sources; the tunability is 0.0 mm/mA. Fig 9, Beilcore has integrated a DFB laser array with a 20x4 star coupler and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) [8]. The star coupler combines 20 DFB lasers on the input side.…”

“…A small number of DFB laser arrays for R&D purposes may be produced by direct E-beam writing [8]. Fig 9 is an array of2O DFB lasers.…”

Chirping of an MMI-PHASAR demultiplexer for application in multiwavelength lasers

“…In the chirped MMI-PHASAR, we change the length differences linearly with the arm length according to (2) with the chirp wavelength inside the material, determining the position of the chirp envelope and an integer constant to adjust the width of the envelope. Linear chirp is used since simulations show that higher order chirp functions usually lead to small repetition periods of the chirp envelope and thus destroy the desired effect.…”

“…Recently, several configurations of multiwavelength lasers (MWL's) have been reported. One approach uses an array of wavelength selective lasers combined into one output with a starcoupler [1], [2]. However, the use of a starcoupler as combiner introduces high coupling losses.…”

Properties of loss-coupled distributed feedback laser arrays for wavelength division multiplexing systems

“…Most of the laser arrays investigated in recent years are based on index-coupled phase-shifted distributed feedback (DFB) or distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser structures [1]- [4]. Previously, a 16-wavelength gain-coupled DFB laser array was reported utilizing a grating etched into the active layer and equipped with a fine tunability of the emission wavelength [5].…”