Wavelength Conversion in LiNbO₃ Waveguide Difference-Frequency Generation Devices with Domain-Inverted Gratings Fabricated by Voltage Application

Abstract

LiNbO 3 waveguide quasi-phasematched (QPM) difference-frequency generation (DFG) devices were studied for wavelength conversion in wavelength range of 1-2 µm. The device performance was analyzed, and DFG output power was estimated to be 1.0 mW for 10 mW signal power, 500 mW pump power, and 3 mm interaction length. A prototype device was fabricated for DFG at 1.67 µm wavelength from 1.54 µm signal and 0.8 µm pump. Voltage application technique was successfully used in fabrication of ferroelectric domain inverted gratings for QPM. DFG experiments were performed using a distributed feedback laser diode as a signal light source and a Ti:Al 2 O 3 laser as a pump light source, and DFG light of 1.67 µm wavelength was obtained.

Numerical analysis of ultra‐short pulse wavelength conversion characteristics of LiNbO3 waveguide nonlinear‐optic devices

“…Thus, wavelength conversion in the same wavelength band can be realized. This can be utilized in wavelength conversion in a wavelength-division multiplex (WDM) system [11].…”

“…Letting the complex amplitudes of the signal wave, the DF wave, and the pump wave be A 1 (t, z), A 2 (t, z), and A 3 (t, z), respectively, the mode coupling equation can be represented as follows by adding the time-dependent term [9] to the equation for continuous operation [11]:…”

Single polarized Tm3+ laser in Zn-diffused LiNbO3 channel waveguides

“…1-9 When rare-earth ions are incorporated into LiNbO 3 , it is possible to combine the optical characteristics of the rare-earth ions with the electro-optic, acoustooptic, and nonlinear properties of LiNbO 3 , together with the availability of well-developed techniques to fabricate lowloss channel waveguides. [10][11][12][13][14] Laser action of thulium-doped lithium niobate was first demonstrated in bulk material 1 and then in a guiding configuration using Ti-indiffused channel waveguides. 2 The observed stimulated emission was associated with the 3 F 4 → 3 H 6 transition of Tm 3+ ions, occurring at 1 = 1.85 m in bulk, and simultaneously at 1 = 1.85 m and 2 = 1.81 m in the waveguide configuration.…”

Red, green, and blue simultaneous generation in aperiodically poled Zn-diffused LiNbO3:Er3+/Yb3+ nonlinear channel waveguides

“…Several nonlinear devices based on periodic ͑PPLN͒ or aperiodically ͑APPLN͒ poled LiNbO 3 have been reported, including the additional advantage of using waveguiding structures, where high power densities are easily available. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] In this work, nonlinear channel waveguides fabricated by Zn diffusion in Er 3ϩ /Yb 3ϩ codoped APPLN are used to generate simultaneous red, green, and blue ͑RGB͒ light. AP-PLN crystals were grown by the off-centered Czochralski method, along the a axis, with automatic diameter control by a crucible-weighting technique.…”

“…7,10,11 In the present work, the metal diffusion was performed following a two-step procedure ͑exchange and diffusion͒ [12][13][14] which preserves the initial wafer ferroelectric pattern. 15 The exchange process at 550°C for 2 h was performed followed by annealing in open atmosphere at 850°C for 4 h. These conditions produce a 4 m depth Gaussian index profile, with a maximum index change of 0.15% and 0.20% in the extraordinary and ordinary refractive indices, respectively.…”