Wavelength-Tunable Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser Employing an Acousto-Optic Filter

Yang, Wei; Liu, Ying; Xiao, Luo; Zhao-xiang, Yang

doi:10.1109/jlt.2009.2037595

Cited by 40 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Therefore, the rate equation can be written as 20

\frac{d{N}_{2}}{dt}=\frac{{\sigma }_{ap}}{h{f}_{p}}{P}_{p}{N}_{1}+\frac{{\sigma }_{as}}{h{f}_{s}}{P}_{s}{N}_{1}-\frac{{\sigma }_{es}}{h{f}_{s}}{P}_{s}{N}_{2}-\frac{{N}_{2}}{\tau },

where

{{\rm{N}}}_{{i}},\unicode{x02007}{{\rm{P}}}_{p,s},\unicode{x02007}{\sigma }_{ap,as},\unicode{x02007}{{\rm{\Gamma }}}_{p,s},{\text{\unicode{x02007}hf}}{p,}_{s},\unicode{x02007}{\sigma }_{{e}{s}}

, and

\tau

are ion density at i th level, powers of pump and signal, pump and signal absorption cross‐sections, pump and signal overlap integrals, energies of pump and signal photons, signal's emission cross‐section, and metastable state's life time, respectively. The propagation of pump and signal through EDF in the z ‐direction is governed by the following expressions 20

\frac{d{P}_{p}}{dz}=-{{\rm{\Gamma }}}_{p}{\sigma }_{ap}{N}_{1}{P}_{p}(z),

\frac{d P_{s}}{d z} = Γ_{s} (σ_{e s} N_{2} - σ_{a s}

…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The transitions contributing to pumping and corresponding lasing are marked in Figure 1A. Therefore, the rate equation can be written as 20 dN dt . 4 The transitions contributing to pumping and the corresponding lasing are marked in Figure 1B.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…,, and τ are ion density at ith level, powers of pump and signal, pump and signal absorption cross-sections, pump and signal overlap integrals, energies of pump and signal photons, signal's emission cross-section, and metastable state's life time, respectively. The propagation of pump and signal through EDF in the z-direction is governed by the following expressions 20. Figure1Bindicates the absorption and emission spectra of Tm 3+ in Silica host.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pumping scheme for Holmium‐doped fiber amplifiers using traditional 1480 nm pumps exploiting cascaded lasers implemented using fiber Bragg gratings

Kanwal,

Atieh,

Ghafoor

et al. 2023

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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Diversity in design is an important factor that enables developers to explore techniques aiming to reduce cost, complexity, and manufacturability. The optical window around 2000 nm is attracting rapid research considerations for the next generation optical networks as a continuation of C‐, L‐, and U‐bands. Optical amplifier is considered to be one of the major research directions in this optical window. Holmium‐doped fiber amplifier is an appropriate component to amplify signals in this optical window. But, the major issue is the pump laser for pumping the Holmium‐doped fiber (HDF) is that it is costly and not readily procurable. In a pioneering design, the authors introduced a method to pump the HDF using traditional 1480 nm pump diode by taking the advantage of cascaded lasers which were made of Erbium‐doped fiber (EDF) and Thulium‐doped fiber (TDF). In this paper, we propose an alternate method for pumping the HDF using commercially available 1480 nm pump diode by exploiting cascaded lasers implemented using two pairs of reflective fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and pieces of EDF and TDF. The EDF in the first laser is excited with a standard 1480 nm pump diode to create 1610 nm continuous wave (CW) laser which is used to excite the TDF in the second laser to generate 1950 nm CW laser that is used to pump the HDF. Peak gain of 40.5, 36, and 23 dB can be attained corresponding to –30, –15, and 0 dBm signal powers, respectively at 2055.6 nm signal wavelength. Output powers of 10.5, 21, and 23 dBm are obtained for –30, –15, and 0 dBm signal powers, respectively at 2055.6 nm signal wavelength. Noise figures (NFs) of 5, 4.2, and 4 dB are observed at signal wavelength of 2066.7 nm for signal powers of −30, −15, and 0 dBm, respectively. Penalty of 4.5 dB has been observed both in peak gain and power at 2055.6 nm signal wavelength for signal power of −15 dBm considering the pair induced quenching. Finally, the proposed alternate pumping scheme is compared with the previous pumping scheme in terms of 3 dB gain bandwidth and NF. It has been observed that 88% increase in 3 dB gain bandwidth and 19% decrease in NF at a signal wavelength of 2044.4 nm for signal power of –30 dBm is noticed in the proposed pumping scheme.

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“…Therefore, the rate equation can be written as 20

\frac{d{N}_{2}}{dt}=\frac{{\sigma }_{ap}}{h{f}_{p}}{P}_{p}{N}_{1}+\frac{{\sigma }_{as}}{h{f}_{s}}{P}_{s}{N}_{1}-\frac{{\sigma }_{es}}{h{f}_{s}}{P}_{s}{N}_{2}-\frac{{N}_{2}}{\tau },

where

{{\rm{N}}}_{{i}},\unicode{x02007}{{\rm{P}}}_{p,s},\unicode{x02007}{\sigma }_{ap,as},\unicode{x02007}{{\rm{\Gamma }}}_{p,s},{\text{\unicode{x02007}hf}}{p,}_{s},\unicode{x02007}{\sigma }_{{e}{s}}

, and

\tau

\frac{d{P}_{p}}{dz}=-{{\rm{\Gamma }}}_{p}{\sigma }_{ap}{N}_{1}{P}_{p}(z),

\frac{d P_{s}}{d z} = Γ_{s} (σ_{e s} N_{2} - σ_{a s}

…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pumping scheme for Holmium‐doped fiber amplifiers using traditional 1480 nm pumps exploiting cascaded lasers implemented using fiber Bragg gratings

Kanwal,

Atieh,

Ghafoor

et al. 2023

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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show abstract

“…All-fiber acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs) [1] have been widely used in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical communication [2], signal processing [3,4], tunable lasers [5][6][7] and other fields, because they have the advantages of large tuning range [8][9][10][11][12], fast tuning speed [13][14][15][16], simple fabrication and small insertion loss [17]. The acoustooptic (AO) coupling efficiency can be controlled by the voltage of the radio-frequency (RF) driving signal [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning stability enhancement of all-fiber acousto-optic tunable filter based on multi-piezoelectric transducer

Qiu,

Bai,

et al. 2023

Laser Phys.

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All-fiber acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs) have advantages of wide wavelength tuning range, fast tuning speed and low insertion loss. The resonance wavelength of the all-fiber AOTF can be tuned by adjusting the driving frequency of the piezoelectric transducer (PZT). In general, the driving voltage needs to be tuned in wide range in the wavelength tuning process, due to the existence of resonance frequency of the PZT. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a stability-enhanced all-fiber AOTF based on multi-PZT, which can reduce the dependence on the resonant frequency of a single PZT. In the experiment, the acousto-optic coupling efficiency can maintain larger than 80%, when the resonance wavelength of the AOTF is tuned from 1400 nm to 1600 nm, under the condition of a fixed driving voltage. The high tuning stability of the proposed multi-piezoelectric driving configuration can facilitate the practical applications of the all-fiber AOTF, such as the laser wavelength tuning, wavelength-division-multiplexing optical communication, fast optical spectroscopy, and so on.

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“…During recent years, tunable fiber lasers have attracted continuous attention due to their potential applications in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, optical sensing, instrument testing, optical communications and spectroscopy [1][2][3]. Various approaches have been reported to achieve lasers with tunability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tunable erbium-doped fiber laser based on an MZ interferometer and a birefringence fiber filter

Zhang

Qiao

Liu

et al. 2011

J. Opt.

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A tunable erbium-doped fiber laser (TEDFL) is proposed and demonstrated by using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and a birefringence fiber filter (BFF) incorporating ∼6 cm high birefringence (Hi-Bi) fiber. Theoretical analysis of the filtering function based on the Jones matrix has been performed. In this laser system, a section of 9 m erbium doped fiber (EDF) serves as the gain medium. With the MZI defining the tuning step, the lasing wavelength can be discretely tuned by modifying the filtering characteristics of the BFF with the polarization controllers (PCs). The tuning range achieves 30 nm with a power uniformity of less than 2 dB, and a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of ∼40 dB. The power fluctuation and wavelength variation at 1556.26 nm are observed to be less than 0.5 dB and 0.04 nm, respectively.

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Wavelength-Tunable Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser Employing an Acousto-Optic Filter

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

Pumping scheme for Holmium‐doped fiber amplifiers using traditional 1480 nm pumps exploiting cascaded lasers implemented using fiber Bragg gratings

Pumping scheme for Holmium‐doped fiber amplifiers using traditional 1480 nm pumps exploiting cascaded lasers implemented using fiber Bragg gratings

Tuning stability enhancement of all-fiber acousto-optic tunable filter based on multi-piezoelectric transducer

A tunable erbium-doped fiber laser based on an MZ interferometer and a birefringence fiber filter

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