The NH 3 -mediated selective catalytic reduction (NH 3 -SCR) of NOx over Cu-ion-exchanged chabazite (Cu-CHA) catalysts is the basis of the technology for abatement of NOx from diesel vehicles. A crucial step in this reaction is the activation of oxygen. Under conditions for low-temperature NH 3 -SCR, oxygen only reacts with Cu I ions, which are present as mobile Cu I diamine complexes [Cu I (NH 3 ) 2 ] + . To determine the structure and reactivity of the species formed by oxidation of these Cu I diamine complexes with oxygen at 200 °C, we have followed this reaction, using a Cu-CHA catalyst with a Si/Al ratio of 15 and 2.6 wt% Cu, by Xray absorption spectroscopies (XANES and EXAFS) and diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy, with the support of DFT calculations and advanced EXAFS wavelet transform analysis. The results provide unprecedented direct evidence for the formation of a [Cu 2 (NH 3 ) 4 O 2 ] 2+ mobile complex with a side-on μ-η 2 ,η 2 -peroxo diamino dicopper(II) structure, accounting for 80−90% of the total Cu content. These [Cu 2 (NH 3 ) 4 O 2 ] 2+ are completely reduced to [Cu I (NH 3 ) 2 ] + at 200 °C in a mixture of NO and NH 3 . Some N 2 is formed as well, which suggests the role of the dimeric complexes in the low-temperature NH 3 -SCR reaction. The reaction of [Cu 2 (NH 3 ) 4 O 2 ] 2+ complexes with NH 3 leads to a partial reduction of the Cu without any formation of N 2 . The reaction with NO results in an almost complete reduction to Cu I , under the formation of N 2 . This indicates that the lowtemperature NH 3 -SCR reaction proceeds via a reaction of these complexes with NO.