Waves and wrecks: A computational fluid dynamic study in an underwater archaeological site

Fernández-Montblanc, Tomás; Izquierdo, Alfredo; Quinn, Rory; Bethencourt, M.

doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.05.062

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Accurately delineated zones of erosion and accumulation allow us to quantify seabed change by deriving areas, volumes and other metrics for the displaced sediments. The method presented in this paper helps to define the local geomorphology, which is a prerequisite for other established methods investigating the influence of fluid dynamics on the local seabed (Smyth and Quinn 2014;Quinn and Smyth 2018;Fernández-Montblanc et al 2018b) and assessing how it changes with time (Quinn and Boland 2010;Bates et al 2011;Astley 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage states that in situ preservation of sites should be the first option (UNESCO 2002). In response, recent research has concentrated on better understanding and quantifying natural and anthropogenic forces affecting preservation and degradation of submerged sites commonly referred to as site formation processes (Quinn et al 2007;Ruuskanen et al 2015;Bethencourt et al 2018;Fernández-Montblanc et al 2016;Fernández-Montblanc et al 2018a, 2018b. Among them, linked hydrodynamic and sediment dynamic processes are understood to control other natural formation processes such as biological encrustation and chemical corrosion (Ward et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies investigated how shipwreck-related scour develop and progress, based on difference modelling of timelapse bathymetric surveys (Quinn and Boland 2010;Bates et al 2011;Astley 2016) and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations (Smyth and Quinn 2014;Quinn and Smyth 2018;Fernández-Montblanc et al 2018b). Nevertheless, no objective method has been developed for the detection and extraction of scour marks at wreck sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Residual relief modelling: digital elevation enhancement for shipwreck site characterisation

Majcher

Plets

Quinn

2020

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scour processes play a critical role in the preservation status of submerged historic shipwrecks. Erosion of sediment leads to enhanced exposure of archaeological sites to physical, chemical and biological processes. Current methods for identifying erosional and depositional features at wreck sites are based primarily on visual interpretation of data, which is labour-intensive and entirely subjective. The increasing availability of high-resolution multibeam echosounder-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) of historic wreck sites allows for an entirely new level of detailed interrogation and analyses of the geomorphological features associated with these. In this study, we present a residual relief modelling method for the semi-automated extraction of such depositional and erosional features at wreck sites. Relief modelling is supplemented with a breakpoint classification approach, with final separation supported by DEM visualisation enhancement techniques. We applied the method to three World War I shipwreck sites and evaluated it against traditional manual vectorisation techniques. The results suggest that the semi-automated modelling method is robust, time-effective and capable of quantifying the products of scour processes with increased objectivity. Our method holds great potential for the objective characterisation of erosional and depositional patterns and processes at wreck sites, which have important implications for site formation studies and in situ preservation of underwater cultural heritage.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Residual relief modelling: digital elevation enhancement for shipwreck site characterisation

Majcher

Plets

Quinn

2020

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The sediment in the area is quartz-rich and presents mediumgrained sand [38], which is coarser at the lower beach and finer at the upper beach area [39]. The entire spit is sheltered by an offshore shore-parallel submerged rocky shoal [40] located at a distance of approximately 800 m (see an emerged part during low tide in the bottom picture of Figure 1), which presents certain discontinuities and depths that vary from 1 to 14 m, respectively, below the hydrographic zero, which modify the incident waves [41].…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

UAS Identify and Monitor Unusual Small-Scale Rhythmic Features in the Bay of Cádiz (Spain)

Talavera¹,

Benavente²,

Río³

2021

Remote Sensing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Unusual shore-normal and barred-like rhythmic features were found in Camposoto Beach (Bay of Cádiz, SW Spain) during a monitoring program using unmanned aerial systems (UAS). They appeared in the backshore and persisted for 6 months (October 2017–March 2018). Their characteristics and possible formation mechanism were investigated analyzing: (1) UAS-derived high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), (2) hydrodynamic conditions, and (3) sediment samples. The results revealed that the features did not migrate spatially, that their wavelength was well predicted by the edge wave theory, and that they shared characteristics with both small-scale low-energy finger bars (e.g., geometry/appearance and amplitude) and swash cusps (e.g., wavelength, seaward circulation pattern, and finer and better sorted material in the runnels with respect to the crests). Our findings pinpoint to highly organized swash able to reach the backshore during spring tides under low-energy and accretionary conditions as well as backwash enhanced by conditions of water-saturated sediment. This study demonstrates that rhythmic features can appear under different modalities and beach locations than the ones observed up to date, and that their unusual nature may be attributed to the low spatiotemporal resolution of the traditional coastal surveying methods in comparison with novel technologies such as UAS.

show abstract

“…Sediment transport in coastal areas is mainly influenced by dynamic nearshore processes and site-specific environmental conditions, including sediment characteristics, wind, currents, waves, tides and the exchange processes between estuaries and nearshore regions [12][13][14][15][16]. Coastal protection structures, such as a breakwater, can change flow patterns, hydrodynamics and sediment transport, which could then impact erosion-deposition patterns in the coastal zone [17][18][19]. Breakwaters can reduce the incident wave energy and impact on the sediment transport capacity, allowing sediment deposition on the shoreward sides of the structure [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Sediment Transport and Erosion-Deposition Patterns in the Locality of a Detached Low-Crested Breakwater on a Cohesive Coast

Fitri

Hashim

Abolfathi

et al. 2019

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding the dynamics of sediment transport and erosion-deposition patterns in the locality of a coastal structure is vital to evaluating the performance of coastal structures and predicting the changes in coastal dynamics caused by a specific structure. The nearshore hydro-morphodynamic responses to coastal structures vary widely, as these responses are complex functions with numerous parameters, including structural design, sediment and wave dynamics, angle of approach, slope of the coast and the materials making up the beach and structures. This study investigated the sediment transport and erosion-deposition patterns in the locality of a detached low-crested breakwater protecting the cohesive shore of Carey Island, Malaysia. The data used for this study were collected from field measurements and secondary sources from 2014 to 2015. Sea-bed elevations were monitored every two months starting from December 2014 to October 2015, in order to quantify the sea-bed changes and investigate the erosion-deposition patterns of the cohesive sediment due to the existence of the breakwater. In addition, numerical modelling was also performed to understand the impacts of the breakwater on the nearshore hydrodynamics and investigate the dynamics of fine sediment transport around the breakwater structure. A coupled two-dimensional hydrodynamics-sediment transport model based on Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and cell-centered finite volume method with flexible meshing approach was adopted for this study. Analysis of the results showed that the detached breakwater reduced both current speed and wave height behind the structure by an average of 0.12 m/s and 0.1 m, respectively. Also, the breakwater made it possible for trapped suspended sediment to settle in a sheltered area by approximately 8 cm in height near to the first main segment of the breakwater, from 1 year after its construction. The numerical results were in line with the field measurements, where sediment accumulations were concentrated in the landward area behind the breakwater. In particular, sediment accumulations were concentrated along the main segments of the breakwater structure during the Northeast (NE) season, while concentration near the first main segment of the breakwater were recorded during the Southwest (SW) season. The assessment illustrated that the depositional patterns were influenced strongly by the variations in seasonal hydrodynamic conditions, sediment type, sediment supply and the structural design. Detached breakwaters are rarely considered for cohesive shores; hence, this study provides new, significant benefits for engineers, scientists and coastal management authorities with regard to seasonal dynamic changes affected by a detached breakwater and its performance on a cohesive coast.

show abstract

Waves and wrecks: A computational fluid dynamic study in an underwater archaeological site

Cited by 18 publications

References 48 publications

Residual relief modelling: digital elevation enhancement for shipwreck site characterisation

Residual relief modelling: digital elevation enhancement for shipwreck site characterisation

UAS Identify and Monitor Unusual Small-Scale Rhythmic Features in the Bay of Cádiz (Spain)

Dynamics of Sediment Transport and Erosion-Deposition Patterns in the Locality of a Detached Low-Crested Breakwater on a Cohesive Coast

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About