Wax ester fraction of edible oils: Analysis by on‐line LC‐GC‐MS and GC×GC‐FID

Biedermann, Maurus; Haase‐Aschoff, Paul; Grob, Konrad

doi:10.1002/ejlt.200800090

Cited by 46 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Virgin olive oil is mainly composed of glycerides 98-99 and, for the remaining part, of minor components such as sterols 2,3 , waxes 4,5 , sesquiterpene hydrocarbons 6 , phenols 7 10 , squalene 11 . Some minor components are also responsible of the flavour and aroma of the oil such as volatile compounds aldehydes, alcohols, ketones and esters 12 which are influenced by extraction conditions 13 and by planting density of the olive trees 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Fatty Alcohols in Olive Oils produced in Calabria (Southern Italy) during Fruit Ripening

Giuffré

2014

J. Oleo Sci.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Fatty Alcohols in Olive Oils produced in Calabria (Southern Italy) during Fruit Ripening

Giuffré

2014

J. Oleo Sci.

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“…The straight chain wax esters (long, straight chain fatty alcohols esteriWed with fatty acids) were shown to be useful quality indicators for olives and oils obtained from these [10][11][12][13]. They are located in the waxy surface layer of the olive and are poorly extracted by the oil pressed from the fruit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work described in this paper started out from the online LC-GC-FID method for analyzing minor components [20,21] and the wax ester fraction [13] and optimized it for the combined analysis of methyl/ethyl oleate and selected straight chain wax esters. Extra virgin olive oils from the market were analyzed and those with the highest and lowest concentrations of these markers sensorially tested to check the correlation between the sensorial quality and the analytical data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters as well as wax esters for evaluating the quality of olive oils

Biedermann¹,

Bongartz

Mariani³

et al. 2008

Eur Food Res Technol

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A promising correlation between chemical analysis and sensorial evaluation was conWrmed: extra virgin olive oils with low contents of methyl and ethyl esters of fatty acids as well as straight chain wax esters were sensorially evaluated as being of high quality, whereas some with high contents were even devaluated as not being of extra virgin quality. Methanol and ethanol formed during fermentation in degrading olives are esteriWed, largely by transesteriWcation with fatty acids from the triglycerides, and in this way transferred into the pressed oil. The presence of high contents of methyl and ethyl esters in degrading olives was conWrmed. Wax esters from the skin of the olives are extracted at low yields, whereby the yield increases when the olives are soft and possibly degrading. High wax ester contents may, therefore, stand for mild oils, but also for deWcient oils.

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“…Esters of geranylgeraniol with fatty acids were already described in P. abies wood (Ekman, 1980), in mosses (Liljenberg and Karunen, 1978;Karunen et al, 1980), and in other plants (Lütke-Brinkhaus et al, 1985;McKibben et al, 1985;Jondiko and Pattenden, 1989;Reiter and Lorbeer, 2001;Biedermann et al, 2008). Esters with geraniol instead of geranylgeraniol are also known in rose (Rosa spp.)…”

Section: Geranylgeranyl Fatty Acid Esters Are Common In Plants and Fumentioning

confidence: 94%

Overexpression of an Isoprenyl Diphosphate Synthase in Spruce Leads to Unexpected Terpene Diversion Products That Function in Plant Defense

et al. 2013

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Spruce (Picea spp.) and other conifers employ terpenoid-based oleoresin as part of their defense against herbivores and pathogens. The short-chain isoprenyl diphosphate synthases (IDS) are situated at critical branch points in terpene biosynthesis, producing the precursors of the different terpenoid classes. To determine the role of IDS and to create altered terpene phenotypes for assessing the defensive role of terpenoids, we overexpressed a bifunctional spruce IDS, a geranyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase in white spruce (Picea glauca) saplings. While transcript level (350-fold), enzyme activity level (7-fold), and in planta geranyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate levels (4-to 8-fold) were significantly increased in the needles of transgenic plants, there was no increase in the major monoterpenes and diterpene acids of the resin and no change in primary isoprenoids, such as sterols, chlorophylls, and carotenoids. Instead, large amounts of geranylgeranyl fatty acid esters, known from various gymnosperm and angiosperm plant species, accumulated in needles and were shown to act defensively in reducing the performance of larvae of the nun moth (Lymantria monacha), a conifer pest in Eurasia. These results show the impact of overexpression of an IDS and the defensive role of an unexpected accumulation product of terpenoid biosynthesis with the potential for a broader function in plant protection.

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Wax ester fraction of edible oils: Analysis by on‐line LC‐GC‐MS and GC×GC‐FID

Cited by 46 publications

References 19 publications

Evolution of Fatty Alcohols in Olive Oils produced in Calabria (Southern Italy) during Fruit Ripening

Evolution of Fatty Alcohols in Olive Oils produced in Calabria (Southern Italy) during Fruit Ripening

Fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters as well as wax esters for evaluating the quality of olive oils

Overexpression of an Isoprenyl Diphosphate Synthase in Spruce Leads to Unexpected Terpene Diversion Products That Function in Plant Defense

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