Wax esters in the cystacanths of<i>Polymorphus minutus</i> (Acanthocephala)

Barrett, John; Butterworth, Penelope E.

doi:10.1007/bf02531304

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The fatty acid compositions of wax esters isolated from P. ambiguus and eel intestine are also different in many respects (Table 4). Among acanthocephalans, steryl esters and wax esters have been detected in Polymorphus minutus (24) and may be ubiquitously distributed in fish (25,26). However, little is known on the fatty acid composition of these lipid classes in acanthocephalans, except that the wax esters of P. minutus cystacanths, which reportedly occur in extremely high proportions, may be used as storage lipids by the larvae of this parasite (24).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relatively high proportions of myristic acid were detected in the fractions of triacylglycerols and free fatty acids of both P. ambiguus and infected eel intestine. In both acanthocephalans and fish, little is known so far on the composition of free fatty acid fractions; although some information is available on the composition of free fatty acids of P. minutus cystacanths, which were found to contain large proportions of saturated long-chain fatty acids (24). In the endoparasitic acanthocephalans, it is also possible that the free fatty acid fraction, at least in part, may originate from fatty acids of eel intestinal contents that have been adsorbed onto the parasite's surface coat.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sterol and fatty acid composition of neutral lipids ofParatenuisentis ambiguus and its host eel

Weber¹,

Vosmann²,

Aitzetmüller³

et al. 1994

Lipids

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The sterol composition of free sterol and steryl ester fractions of the fish parasite Paratenuisentis ambiguus was determined. In addition, the fatty acid composition of various neutral lipid classes, i.e., wax esters, steryl esters, triacylglycerols and free fatty acids, as well as the composition of the 1-O-alkyl moieties of total ether glycerolipids of the parasite, were investigated. The results of these studies were compared with those obtained on the intestinal tract tissue of its host, the eel (Anguilla anguilla). Cholesterol is the major sterol in both P. ambiguus and A. anguilla. However, the sterols of P. ambiguus contain high proportions (> 20%) of other sterols, such as campesterol and various dehydrosterols. [e.g., 7-dehydrocholesterol and cholesta-5,22(E)-dienol]. The presence of these minor sterols agrees with the known biotransformations of exogenous sterols in various helminths. Considerable differences are found in the fatty acid composition of neutral lipid fractions, as well as the total lipid extract from the endoparasite as compared to the host tissue. In particular, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), other polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as 20:4n-6, 22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, as well as long-chain saturated fatty acids, such as 20:0, are generally enriched in the neutral lipid fractions of the parasite as compared to those of infected eel intestine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterol and fatty acid composition of neutral lipids ofParatenuisentis ambiguus and its host eel

Weber¹,

Vosmann²,

Aitzetmüller³

et al. 1994

Lipids

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“…Wax esters are widely distributed in the animal and plant kingdom and occur in high proportions in many aquatic and predominantly in marine animals. Small proportions of wax esters have been detected in P. ambiguus as well (4), whereas infective larvae of the acanthocephalan Polymorphus minutus were found to contain high proportions of these apolar lipids (18).…”

Section: Metabolism Of [1j4c]palmitic and [1j4c]oleic Acid In Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of long‐chain fatty acids, alcohols and alkylglycerols in the fish parasiteParatenuisentis ambiguus (Acanthocephala)

Filipponi

Taraschewski

Weber³

1994

Lipids

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Specific differences between the acyl composition of lipids of the helminth Paratenuisentis ambiguus and its host eel, as shown previously, prompted us to study the lipid metabolism in this intestinal fish parasite. Adults and larvae of P. ambiguus were fed various lipid precursors, e.g., fatty acids, long-chain alcohols and 1-O-alkylglycerols, which may occur as common nutrients of intestinal parasites. Incorporation of [1-14C]palmitic acid into neutral and polar lipids was found to be similar under aerobic and near-anaerobic conditions. In adult parasites maintained in culture medium supplemented with glucose, [1-14C]palmitic acid was incorporated mainly into triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholines, whereas [1-14C]oleic acid was incorporated preferentially into triacylglycerols. In fasted adults, as well as in larvae, [1-14C]oleic acid was mainly transferred to phosphatidylcholines. Lipolytic activity was detected in adult parasites that had been incubated with radioactive trioleoylglycerol. [1-14C]Hexadecan-1-ol was oxidized in P. ambiguus at a high rate to labeled palmitic acid, which was incorporated into various lipid classes of P. ambiguus. Small but significant proportions of radioactivity from hexadecan-1-ol were incorporated into ether glycerolipids of the parasite. A more direct precursor in ether glycerolipid metabolism, i.e., rac-1-O-[1'-14C]hexadecylglycerol, was incorporated into alkyl and 1'-alkenyl moieties of choline and etha-nolamine ether-glycerophospholipids of P. ambiguus in high yield. High proportions of labeled diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols and steryl esters were detected in surface lipids as well as lipid extracts of the culture media after incubation of P. ambiguus with [1-14C]palmitic or [1-14C]oleic acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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“…No long-chain fatty acids were obtained from fraction II. The small Rf-value suggests that the triterpenoid alcohols of fraction II are esterified with short-chain fatty acids (Barrett and Butterworth 1971). These are more or less volatile and lost during preparation of methyl esters.…”

Section: Lipid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of esterified triterpenoid alcohols in the leaves of Pilosella officinarum

Karunen

Hakala

Heinonen

1984

Physiologia Plantarum

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S. 1984 Occurrence of esterified triterpenoid alcohols in the leaves of Pilosella officinarum. -Physiol. Plant. 61: 243-250.The mature winter leaves of Piiosella officinarum coll. Schultz and Schultz contained 29 mg esterified triterpenoid alcohols (g dry weight)-', of which over 80% was esterified with long-chain (C16-C18) fatty acids. The major fatty acids were 16:0, 18:2(o6 and 18:3u)3 and their amounts varied according to the season and stage of leaf development. In mature leaves the amount of triterpenoid alcohols esterified with long-chain fatt^ acids varied only slightly with the season. The changes in the fatty acid proportions in late winter-early spring, however, indicated a turnover in the esterified triterpenoid alcohol pool. In late winter after the snow had melted a 50% decrease occurred in the amount of triterpenoid alcohols esterified with short-chain fatty acids. The amount of esterified triterpenoid alcohols in immature leaves was relatively low [4 mg (g dry weight)-']. In Ihe mature leaves esterified triteipenoid alcohols were found in globules whose appearance varied greatly according to the season. The globules were partly dissolved in late winter, and this together with the activation of respiration, suggests that the globules function as short-term energy reservoirs. Relationships between the appearance of lipid globules and the amount of esterified triterpenoid alcohols are discussed.Additional key words -Evergreen, leaf development, seasonal variation.

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Wax esters in the cystacanths ofPolymorphus minutus (Acanthocephala)

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Sterol and fatty acid composition of neutral lipids ofParatenuisentis ambiguus and its host eel

Sterol and fatty acid composition of neutral lipids ofParatenuisentis ambiguus and its host eel

Metabolism of long‐chain fatty acids, alcohols and alkylglycerols in the fish parasiteParatenuisentis ambiguus (Acanthocephala)

Occurrence of esterified triterpenoid alcohols in the leaves of Pilosella officinarum

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