Wax precipitation from North Sea crude oils: 1. Crystallization and dissolution temperatures, and Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow properties

Roenningsen, Hans Petter; Bjoerndal, Brit; Hansen, A. B.; Pedersen, Walther Batsberg

doi:10.1021/ef00030a019

Cited by 344 publications

(311 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, crude oil contains a considerable amount of wax, whose composition consists of low molecular weight alkanes (C 18 -C 36 ) and high molecular weight cycloalkanes (C 36 -C 60 ). Overall, wax is similar to the natural beeswax [9].…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Waxmentioning

confidence: 72%

Flow Assurance in Subsea Pipeline Design for Transportation of Petroleum Products

Phạm¹,

Truong²,

Pham³

2017

OJCE

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Transportation of petroleum products through pipeline presents considerable risks including wax formation and deposition as a result of heat loss of fluids, which is harmful to the flow due to the reduced inner diameter or totally blocked pipelines in extreme cases. The production interruption due to blocked pipelines can cause colossal financial loss. Therefore, in order to diminish those adverse effects, it is critical that pipeline design for flow assurance should be considered. Flow assurance is a relatively new field in oil and gas industry, it means that the flow of hydrocarbon stream from one point to another must be ensured successfully and economically. Although flow assurance is extremely diverse, encompassing many discrete and specialized subjects and bridging across the full gamut of engineering disciplines, our work concentrated principally on the study of wax deposit in the pipelines. The main purpose of this paper is to focus on the aspect of material in pipeline design and the selection of thermal insulation coatings. Furthermore, operating parameters such as pressure, temperature and flowrate will be examined to achieve optimum results. For the case study in this paper, the pipeline connecting Ca NguVang Oilfield's Wellhead Platform (WHP) to the Central Processing Platform of Bach Ho Oilfield (CPP-3) in Vietnam will be studied. Hence, this work covers several aspects, namely the theoretical study, the modeling using Excel as well as using specialized software OLGA, and finally the application for a real case in the petroleum industry in Vietnam.

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Section: Fundamentals Of Waxmentioning

confidence: 72%

Flow Assurance in Subsea Pipeline Design for Transportation of Petroleum Products

Phạm¹,

Truong²,

Pham³

2017

OJCE

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“…As it was mentioned above, there are many experimental works in literature [3,14,16,[20][21][22][23][28][29][30] reporting the use of DSC to study the paraffins crystallization process. In this section, it is described the DSC methodology to characterize the liquid-solid phase equilibria of paraffins in model systems and crude oil samples.…”

Section: Dsc Methodology Applied To Measure Liquid-solid Phase Equilimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The avoidance or remediation of wax deposition is one key aspect of flow assurance [3][4][6][7]. In order to develop solutions to the wax deposition problem is necessary to get a deep understanding of the crystallization phenomena in which the crude oil composition, particularly the content of high molecular weight paraffins and asphaltenes have a significant impact [29].…”

Section: Wax Precipitation Study In Crude Oils By Dsc Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these industrial sectors are: petroleum production, petroleum refining and products, chemical, energy and consumer products [1]. However, as it has been widely reported in literature [2][3][4][5][6], one of the most affected industrial sectors by the paraffin crystallization phenomena is the petroleum industry. Crude oils contain heavy paraffins that may form solid wax phases at low temperature in the pipelines and hydrocarbon production facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, for the study and measurement of paraffin crystallization process, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is an experimental method widely used due to its simplicity, accuracy and fast response to monitor the phase transitions during cooling and heating that gives related thermodynamic quantities such as heat capacity and enthalpies of transition [3,14,16,[20][21][22][23]. DSC has been usually used for the determination of wax appearance and/or dissolution temperatures (WAT or WDT) in petroleum products [3,20]. The WAT or cloud point is the singularly most important parameter relating to wax formation [4] and it is the temperature at which waxes first crystallize from solution during a cooling process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid-Solid Phase Equilibria of Paraffinic Systems by DSC Measurements

Alcázar-Vara¹,

Buenrostro-González²

2013

Applications of Calorimetry in a Wide Context - Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry and Microca

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Use of Inspection Properties to Predict Hydrocarbon Fraction Physical Properties

Nick¹

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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The chemical complexity of petroleum products has, until recently, precluded calculational techniques based on a definitive analysis of the molecular species involved. Instead, readily observed or easily (quick and inexpensively) measured macroscopic properties (gravity, boiling range, etc.) have been used to correlate information empirically. In some instances, the predictions have been “tweaked” on a local data‐centric basis or extended by quasi‐theoretical analysis. Recent computer‐aided advancements 134 in multivariate electromagnetic emission, NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and/or MS (mass spectroscopy) analyses allow for the reliable and repeatable use of much more detailed experimental data. The ability to speciate cuts by individual chemical components will revolutionize both refining and regulation of refined products in response to the availability of quality data. So why would one bother with older analysis and prediction methods? It is likely, given the operational sophistication and investment costs needed to deliver this highly speciated information properly, that the old ways will die but slowly. Most refineries and petrochemical plants try to get by with the minimum amount of expensive on‐line analyzers. Multivariate data generation is not yet at a state where it can easily be used for real‐time process or even product quality control. This barrier will exist for some time to come. The historical development of crude oil processing technology has generated a great volume of data and “general” correlations, some contradictory. Most of the data upon which these methods are based have been around for 60 or more years. Many have withstood the “test of time”, being examined and verified by numerous researchers both public and private. Some of the precision of the older data may not be as good as what is generated today, but new entries to various refinery products' databanks seem to confirm the validity of the best of the older procedures and data. The classical methods allow one to impute several otherwise unavailable characterizing pieces of data. It is essential that those engaged in the design and analysis of refinery units (which have multiple feed and product streams) become familiar with classical terminology and techniques, and eventually acquire an intuitive sense of what constitutes the “best answer” when confronted with several conflicting alternatives. The subject of this article is the proper methodology of imputing this knowledge from whatever data are at hand.

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Wax precipitation from North Sea crude oils: 1. Crystallization and dissolution temperatures, and Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow properties

Cited by 344 publications

References 0 publications

Flow Assurance in Subsea Pipeline Design for Transportation of Petroleum Products

Flow Assurance in Subsea Pipeline Design for Transportation of Petroleum Products

Liquid-Solid Phase Equilibria of Paraffinic Systems by DSC Measurements

Use of Inspection Properties to Predict Hydrocarbon Fraction Physical Properties

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