Wayfinding Experience of Persons with Autism Spectrum Disorder within a Museum Context

Abstract

Designing for disabilities may present great challenges but the potential rewards that result may benefit a wider population. This study investigates whether the wayfinding available within a specific museum setting accommodates the needs of persons with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Identifying the 'wayfinding' needs and/or preferences of the group that was studied in this research is an important first step in developing a knowledge base to further this area of research and perhaps assist designers to facilitate more inclusive wayfinding experience within museum settings. To obtain some insight on the personal experience of people with ASD, three qualitative methods were used: an anonymous survey to gather basic insight about museum visit experience showing that most respondents do visit museums and the majority do not use any assistive devices during their visits; an observational study revealed how participants navigated this particular environment and that visual memory played a large role when traveling through the museum; and finally, a workshop revealed environmental preferences and aversions highlighting the differences between individuals, and how an understanding of diversity is an important consideration in design. The findings of this case study support the notion that it is challenging to design a space to support a diversity of needs and preferences, but that improving our knowledge of diversity as well as commonalities can better support the movement and aspiration toward universal design.

An Exploratory Study Testing Environmental Wayfinding Aids as an Intervention for Children With Autism

“…This variation in what participants used as navigation aids may point to the diverse needs of ASD. Balaa (2020) reached a similar conclusion in a wayfinding study with adults with ASD in a museum. (For a fuller description of qualitative findings, see Irish, 2021.…”

“…In the current study, colors were selected to contrast with the existing environment rather than provide specific stimulation for children with ASD. Balaa (2020) conducted a study with autistic adults using several methods to find out what they used to navigate in a museum setting. Findings were that landmarks and sound were important to navigate, but signage and color coding were less used.…”