Ways for Implementing Highly-Predictable Embedded Systems Using Time-Triggered Co-Operative (TTC) Architectures

Nahas, Mouaaz; Nahhas, Ahmed M.

doi:10.5772/38051

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In the sampling task, the controller reads the signal from a processed thermocouple. In the "interrupt service routine" (ISR) [43] and through the tick message, Master sends the elapsed time and the sampled temperature over the CAN bus. A 5 ms tick interval is used; the sampling task is therefore executed every 2 ticks, and the actuation task is executed every 10 ticks.…”

Section: Experimental Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Reducing Bit Stuffing Jitter on the Control Performance of a CAN-Based Distributed Furnace System

Nahas¹

2018

JES

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The Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol is widely used in distributed real-time, resource-constrained embedded systems. CAN uses "Non Return to Zero" (NRZ) coding and employs a bit-stuffing mechanism for clock synchronization. Such a mechanism causes a variation in the CAN frame length which may have a detrimental impact on the control behaviour of safety-critical systems employing this protocol. To address this issue, two techniques known as "byte-based XOR masking" and "software bit stuffing" were developed and achieved a jitter reduction of up to 20% and 40%, respectively, when employed in practical designs. This paper investigates the effectiveness of such techniques in a real-time control application; that is a simple furnace system case study based on a "hardware-in-the-loop" (HIL) testbed facility. The results show that reducing bit stuffing jitter has the potential to improve the control performance of distributed real-time systems employing CAN protocol.

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Section: Experimental Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Reducing Bit Stuffing Jitter on the Control Performance of a CAN-Based Distributed Furnace System

Nahas¹

2018

JES

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“…Connecting two or more computers so they may exchange and store information is called "networking" in the computer industry. A network is a collection of interconnected computer systems and other computing gear devices that allow users to share information and resources [20]. To rephrase, a network consists of two or more computers that are interconnected in some way.…”

Section: Internet-enabled Electronic Devices For Smart Agriculture An...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmented IoT Model for Smart Agriculture and Farm Irrigation Water Conservation

Dickson,

Amannah

2023

IJIS

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In Northern Nigeria, irrigation systems are operated manually. Agriculture has over the years been practiced primitively by farmers, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This is due to the absence of intelligent technological knowhow where its practice could be leveraged upon. Agricultural practice is constrained by some major challenges ranging from traditional way of farming, understating of concepts, practices, policy, environmental and financial factors. The aim of this study was to optimize an IoT-based model for smart agriculture and irrigation water management. The objectives of the study were to: design, implement, test and evaluate the performance of the optimized IoT-based model for smart agriculture and irrigation water management. The method used in the study was the prototyping model. The system was designed using balsamiq application tools. The system has a login page, dashboard, system USE-CASE diagrams, actuators page, sensor page and application interface design. Justinmind tool was used to show the flow of information in the system, which included data input and output, data stores and all the sub-processes the data moves through. The Optimized IoT model was implemented using four core platforms namely, ReactJS Frontend Application development platform, Amazon web services IoT Core backend, Arduino Development platform for developing sensor nodes and Python programming language for the actuator node based on Raspberry Pi board. When compared with the existing system, the results show that the optimized system is better than the existing system in accuracy of measurement, irrigation water management, operation node, platform access, real-time video, user friendly and efficiency. The study successfully optimized an IoT-based model for smart agriculture and irrigation water management. The study introduced the modern way of irrigation farming in the 21 st century against the traditional or primitive way of irrigation farming that involved intensive human participation.

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“…While a time triggered hybrid scheduler (TTH) provides a limited, simple but efficient, multi-tasking capability. That is to say, only one task in the whole system is set to be preemptive, this task is also viewed as "highest-priority" task, while other tasks in the system are running co-operatively [4]. A TTH scheduler combines the strengths of the pre-emptive with the co-operative schedulers, and without requiring complex mechanisms for dealing with shared resources at the same time.…”

Section: B Time-triggered Hybrid Schedulermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another issue with TTC scheduler is that the task schedule is usually calculated based on estimates of worst case execution time of the running tasks. If such estimates prove to be error, that may have a serious impact on the whole system behavior [4]. Moreover, one of the primary problems that concern people about the reliability of cooperative scheduling is that long tasks may have a fetal impact on the responsiveness of the whole system [5]; this may be a significant drawback in networks requiring a low tick interval.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Shared-Clock Hybrid Scheduling Algorithm based on Controller Area Network

Yan¹,

Wei²

2014

JCP

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The CAN protocol is widely used in the distributed embedded systems. It has been shown that a shared-clock scheduling algorithm can be used along with CAN to implement time triggered architecture. However, the shared-clock scheduling algorithms are mostly used along with the time triggered cooperative schedulers, despite these algorithms provide reliable solutions for many applications, they suffer some key limitations. This paper proposes a shared-clock hybrid scheduling algorithm which employs the time triggered hybrid scheduler. And then the performance of the novel algorithm is analyzed. Finally, a simulation model is built by using TrueTime toolbox in MATLAB platform. The results indicate that the scheduler can improve clock synchronization accuracy, reduce the jitter, and strengthen the real-time character of the system.

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Ways for Implementing Highly-Predictable Embedded Systems Using Time-Triggered Co-Operative (TTC) Architectures

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Impact of Reducing Bit Stuffing Jitter on the Control Performance of a CAN-Based Distributed Furnace System

Impact of Reducing Bit Stuffing Jitter on the Control Performance of a CAN-Based Distributed Furnace System

Augmented IoT Model for Smart Agriculture and Farm Irrigation Water Conservation

A Novel Shared-Clock Hybrid Scheduling Algorithm based on Controller Area Network

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