We Do Not Eat Alone: Formation and Maturation of the Oral Microbiota

Fiorillo, Luca

doi:10.3390/biology9010017

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Microbial contamination in DUWLs may originate from the mains water piped into the dental unit, the suck-back of patients' saliva into the line due to the lack of adequate valves, and contamination from bottled water systems [12,13]. Thus, dental waterlines may be contaminated not only by water-borne environmental microorganisms, but also by germs from the oral cavity of the patient, which is host to microbes that belong to different species, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, one of the bacteria implicated in the biofilm formation of bacterial plaque [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Contamination of Dental Unit Waterlines and Potential Risk of Infection: A Narrative Review

2020

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Several studies have revealed that dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) are often contaminated by large numbers of various micro-organisms (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses). Microbial contamination in DUWLs may originate from the mains water piped into the dental unit, the suck-back of patients’ saliva into the line due to the lack of adequate valves, and contamination from bottled water systems. Some of the main determinants of microbial contamination in DUWLs are: a very small lumen size (0.5–2 mm) of the tubing used, high surface-to-volume ratio (6:1), low throughput and the materials of which the tubing is made, water stagnation outside of working hours. The environmental conditions present inside the conduits of the dental unit may facilitate the proliferation of micro-organisms and the consequent formation of biofilm on the interior surface of the pipes of DUWLs. During the use of handpieces, particularly high-speed rotating instruments, a spray is thrown up in the form of aerosols or spatters containing biological material (saliva, blood and dental plaque) and micro-organisms. This means that the health of both dental staff and patients could be at risk of infection. The risk of cross-infections in dental settings can be tackled by implementing combined interventions to prevent the contamination of DUWLs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Contamination of Dental Unit Waterlines and Potential Risk of Infection: A Narrative Review

2020

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“…Generally, dental plaque formation happens in a stepwise process, developing as structurally and functionally well organized rich of various microbial communities ( Marsh, 2004 ). Many phases in dental plaque formation including, pellicle formation, various physico-chemical adhering mechanisms between the pellicle and cell surface, receptor mediated attachment and finally co-adhesion resulting to the previously attached microbial cells ( Fiorillo, 2020 ). This highly complex phase on further process extension leads to the formation of biofilm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of biofilm formed by multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa DC-17 isolated from dental caries

Farraj

Rajaselvam

et al. 2020

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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The present work reports with the screening of biofilm-producing bacteria from the dental caries. The dental pathogens showed resistance against various antibiotics and biofilm forming ability at various levels. Among the bacterial strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DC-17 showed enhanced biofilm production. Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) was synthesized by the selected bacterial isolate considerably and contributed as the major component of biofilm. EPS composed of eDNA, proteins and lipids. The total protein content of the EPS was found to be 1.928 mg/mL and was the major component than carbohydrate and DNA. Carbohydrate content was 162.3 mg/L and DNA content of EPS was 4.95 μg/mL. These macromolecules interacted in the matrix to develop dynamic and specific interactions to signalling biofilm to differentiating various environments. Also, the isolated bacteria showed resistant against various commercially available antibiotics. The isolates showed more resistance against penicillin (98%) and were sensitive against amoxicillin. Among the factors, temperature, pH and sugar concentration influenced biofilm formation. Biofilm forming ability of the selected bacterial stain was tested at various pH values and alkaline pH was favoured for biofilm production. Biofilm production was found to be maximum at 40 °C and 8% sucrose enhanced biofilm formation. Biofilm formed by P. aeruginosa DC-17 was resistant against various tested antimicrobials and chemicals.

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“…In fact, the oral microbiota is complex, and a slight change can create an imbalance in favor of pathogenic species at the origin of some oral pathologies [47], especially for vulnerable populations or patients with low immune defenses. Maintaining a low level of bacterial load in a patient's mouth, particularly for vulnerable patients, is important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Dental Delivery System: An Effective Protocol for Hygiene and Disinfection

Offner

Grado

Strub

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Mobile dental delivery systems (MDDSs) are receiving growing interest for reaching isolated patients, as well as in dental care for fragile and hospitalized patients, with the advantage of being able to be used from room to room or during general anesthesia (GA) in an operating room. Therefore, ensuring the care safety is crucial. The aim of this study was to elaborate and assess an MDDS maintenance protocol, containing the management of dental unit waterlines and adapted to specific conditions such as dental care under GA. A step-by-step protocol was established and implemented for an MDDS used during dental care under GA in children. Samples of the output water were collected at J0, J+1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, and cultured to observe the microbiological quality of the water. All the results (heterotrophic plate count at 22 °C, at 37 °C, and specific pathogenic germs sought) showed an absence of contamination. The protocol presented was effective over time and allowed ensuring the safety of care to be ensured when using MDDS, even during dental procedures under GA. As a result, it could be implemented by any dental care delivery structure wanting to reinforce the safety of its practice.

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We Do Not Eat Alone: Formation and Maturation of the Oral Microbiota

Cited by 30 publications

References 42 publications

Microbial Contamination of Dental Unit Waterlines and Potential Risk of Infection: A Narrative Review

Microbial Contamination of Dental Unit Waterlines and Potential Risk of Infection: A Narrative Review

Characterization of biofilm formed by multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa DC-17 isolated from dental caries

Mobile Dental Delivery System: An Effective Protocol for Hygiene and Disinfection

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