“We don't snack”: Attitudes and perceptions about eating in-between meals amongst caregivers of young children

Jacquier, Emma; Gatrell, Anthony C.; Bingley, Amanda

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.003

Cited by 20 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this study, we applied a self-report based definition in all countries. The perception of snacking could be different among the respondents [ 53 ], but the risk for misclassification should be minimized by using trained interviewers during the dietary data collection in each national survey. Thirdly, to provide information on the general child population comparing countries, per capita data were used to describe the country snacking patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snacking Patterns in Children: A Comparison between Australia, China, Mexico, and the US

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Snacking is common in children and influenced by many factors. The aim of this study is to provide insight of both common and country-specific characteristics of snacking among 4–13 year old children. We analyzed snacking prevalence, energy and nutrient contributions from snacking across diverse cultures and regions, represented by Australia, China, Mexico, and the US using data from respective national surveys. We found that the highest prevalence of snacking was in Australia and the US (over 95%) where snacking provided one-third and one-quarter of total energy intake (TEI), respectively, followed by Mexico (76%, provided 15% TEI) and China (65%, provided 10% TEI). Compared to 4–8 year-olds, the consumption of fruits and milk was lower in 9–13 year-old children, with a trend of increasing savory snacks consumption in China, Mexico, and the US. The nutrient density index of added sugars and saturated fat was higher, especially in Australia, Mexico, and the US. Results suggested that snacking could be an occasion to promote fruit and vegetable consumption in all countries, especially for older children. Snacking guidelines should focus on reducing consumption of snacks high in saturated fat and added sugars for Australia, Mexico, and the US, whereas improving dairy consumption is important in China.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snacking Patterns in Children: A Comparison between Australia, China, Mexico, and the US

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is of importance for this research, because it shows that it does not make sense to ask young children themselves about their food choice during snacking moments but to ask their mothers. Therefore, mothers were chosen as the target group in our study, because children in the range of 2–7 years usually do not pick snacks themselves but receive it from their caregivers (Jacquier, Gatrell, & Bingley, ; Ventura & Worobey, ). These are often the mothers (Cawley & Liu, ; Rosenkranz & Dzewaltowski, ; Walsh et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value conflicts in mothers' snack choice for their 2‐ to 7‐year‐old children

Damen

Luning

Hofstede

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Value conflicts appear when people experience struggles, doubts, and feelings of guilt when making food choices. This study aims to provide insight into value conflicts, which mothers may experience while providing snacks to their young children.Mothers are mainly responsible for providing the snacks their young children eat, making it a big responsibility for them as children's dietary behaviour tracks into adulthood. Possible value conflicts Dutch mothers (n = 136) experience while providing snacks to their 2-to 7-year-old children were investigated using food and motivation diaries and semi-structured interviews. Differences between mothers' educational level, first versus not-first child, and the differences in age of the children were taken into account. Results showed that the younger the children, the more value conflicts the mothers experienced. Mothers experienced most value conflicts when they provided snacks perceived as unhealthy. Six main value conflicts are elicited by this study, namely, conflicts between healthy and unhealthy snacks; conflicts between healthy and convenient snacks; conflicts related to providing snacks just before dinner; conflicts related to influence of others; conflicts when the child asks but the mother says "no"; and conflicts related to many unhealthy snacks at parties or visits. The insights gained in this study can be used for interventions to promote a healthier lifestyle, support the design of new snack products, and can give guidance for marketing challenges in global snack markets. KEYWORDS children's dietary behaviour, diary research, food choice, healthy snack, interview, value conflict

show abstract

“…Models of food choice behavior suggest that eating episodes such as snacking may have a cultural classification [ 34 ]. Indeed, qualitative studies indicate differences between U.S. and European attitudes towards snacking, with the feeding of children in-between meals at specific clock times featuring in French and Swiss cultures, but not in the U.S. [ 35 ] Geographical differences are apparent in terms of snack intake behavior and there are clear variations in the way dietary guidelines describe snacking recommendations around the world [ 36 – 40 ]. Future analyses may wish to evaluate how snacking behaviors vary according to geography and race/ethnicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Location influences snacking behavior of US infants, toddlers and preschool children

2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCompare at-home and away-from-home snacking patterns of US infants and young children.MethodsA secondary analysis was conducted using nationwide, cross-sectional dietary survey data from the US Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2008. The sample included infants (6–11.9 months, n = 505), toddlers (12–23.9 months, n = 925), preschool children (24–47.9 months, n = 1461). Weighted population descriptive statistics (means and standard errors) were calculated using SAS. Significance was determined at P ≤ 0.05. The main outcome measures of the analyses were the percent of children consuming snacks by location (at home, away from home) and snacking period (morning, afternoon and evening), energy and food groups consumed during snacks.ResultsSnacking at home was more prevalent than snacking away from home (toddlers, 73% vs 27%; preschoolers, 67% vs 33%). Away-from-home snacks provided about 50 additional calories per day for toddlers (346 vs 298 kcal/day, P ≤ 0.05) and preschoolers (371 vs 326 kcal/day, P ≤ 0.05) versus snacks consumed at home. Caregivers made similar snack choices for toddlers and preschoolers (milk/milk products, fruit/juice, grains and sweets) but differed in frequency of consumption by location. Among toddlers, milk/milk products were the most frequently consumed snacks at home (66%), while sweets were the top snacks consumed away from home (69%). Among preschoolers, sweets were the top snacks both at home (60%) and away (83%).ConclusionsLocation is an important factor influencing snacking patterns of young children and should be considered when developing feeding guidelines. This data may be of use in the upcoming development of dietary guidelines in the U.S. for the population aged 0–2 years.

show abstract

“We don't snack”: Attitudes and perceptions about eating in-between meals amongst caregivers of young children

Cited by 20 publications

References 50 publications

Snacking Patterns in Children: A Comparison between Australia, China, Mexico, and the US

Snacking Patterns in Children: A Comparison between Australia, China, Mexico, and the US

Value conflicts in mothers' snack choice for their 2‐ to 7‐year‐old children

Location influences snacking behavior of US infants, toddlers and preschool children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About