Weak and strong coupling of photons and excitons in photonic dots

Gutbrod, T.; Bayer, М.; Forchel, A.; Reithmaier, J.P.; Reinecke, T. L.; Rudin, S.; Knipp, P. A.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.57.9950

Cited by 121 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…[15][16][17] Attempts to produce spatially confined polariton states, in the past, have been made by etching micropillars 18,19 of a few m in diameter from an initially planar MC. [20][21][22][23] These structures have in general proved able of producing lateral confinement of polariton modes. However, they tend to display strong coupling only in the limit of very small diameter, 20,21 typically in the 1 to 2 m range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering the spatial confinement of exciton polaritons in semiconductors

et al. 2006

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We demonstrate three-dimensional spatial confinement of exciton-polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity. Polaritons are confined within a micron-sized region of slightly larger cavity thickness, called mesa, through lateral trapping of their photon component. This results in a shallow potential well that allows the simultaneous existence of extended states above the barrier. Photoluminescence spectra were measured as a function of either the emission angle or the position on the sample. Striking signatures of confined states of lower and upper polaritons, together with the corresponding extended states at higher energy, were found. In particular, the confined states appear only within the mesa region, and are characterized by a discrete energy spectrum and a broad angular pattern. A theoretical model of polariton states, based on a realistic description of the confined photon modes, supports our observations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering the spatial confinement of exciton polaritons in semiconductors

et al. 2006

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“…For large negative detuning, the 130 µeV linewidth of these optical modes corresponds to a quality factor of 12000. Each of these photon modes presents the anticrossing [18,19] with the exciton line, characteristic of the strong coupling regime. The 0D polariton energies can be fitted using a 15 meV Rabi splitting (as in the planar cavity).…”

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Polariton Laser Using Single MicropillarGaAs−GaAlAsSemiconductor Cavities

et al. 2008

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Polariton lasing is demonstrated on the zero dimensional states of single GaAs/GaAlAs micropillar cavities. Under non resonant excitation, the measured polariton ground state occupancy is found to be as large as 10 4 . Changing the spatial excitation conditions, competition between several polariton lasing modes is observed, ruling out Bose-Einstein condensation. When the polariton state occupancy increases, the emission blueshift is the signature of self-interaction within the halflight half-matter polariton lasing mode.PACS numbers: 78.55. Et, 71.36.+c, 78.45.+h Boson statistics can lead to massive occupation of a single quantum state and trigger final state stimulation. This stimulation is responsible for the bright coherent emission of light in a laser. Another fascinating property of massive bosons in thermal equilibrium is their ability to accumulate in the lowest energy state under a given critical temperature. First predicted in 1925,[1] the experimental observation of Bose Einstein condensation was achieved in the mid 1990s for ultra-cold atoms. [2,3] Demonstrating such bosonic effects with matter waves in a solid state system is very interesting both from fundamental point of view but also for applications since it could provide a new source of coherent light. Cavity polaritons are an example of quasi-particles behaving as bosons at low density. [4,5] They are the exciton-photon mixed quasi-particles arising from the strong coupling regime between quantum well (QW) excitons and a resonant optical cavity mode. Because of their very small effective mass (10 −8 times that of the hydrogen atom) cavity polaritons are expected to condensate at unusually high temperatures (up to room temperature in wide band gap microcavities).[6] These last years, massive occupation of a polariton state has been observed in semiconductor two-dimensional (2D) cavities and attributed to Bose Einstein condensation [7,8] or to polariton lasing. [9] More recently, polariton condensation has been claimed in a localized energy trap [10] where the trap dimensions are sufficiently large for the system to present a 2D continuum of polariton states. In these experiments, the clear distinction of a thermodynamic phase transition (Bose Einstein condensation) from a kinetic stimulated scattering (polariton lasing) is still debated.In this letter, we demonstrate polariton lasing in micrometric sized GaAs/GaAlAs micropillar cavities. In such zero-dimensional (0D) cavities, polariton states are confined in all directions and present a well defined discretized energy spectrum. [11,12] The absence of translation invariance lifts the wave-vector conservation selection-rules in polariton scatterings. In GaAs 2D microcavities, these selection rules are responsible for inefficient polariton-phonon or polariton-polariton scattering, preventing the build-up of a large occupancy in the lower energy states. [13,14,15,16] In this work, we show that polariton scattering is very efficient in micropillar cavities. Under non resonant excitation, a thres...

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“…It has been shown theoretically that by squeezing the polaritonic wavefunction into a small volume, like in micropillars, the polariton-polariton nonlinearity can become large enough to play the role of a quantum filter/emitter for light, without resorting to single emitters like atoms or quantum dots. 4 Refined etching and microstructuring techniques have been developed for GaAs-based microcavity, allowing the fabrication of high quality micropillars, 5,6 mesas, 7 as well as advanced polaritonic circuits elements like waveguides, interferometers, optical gates, [8][9][10] and lattices with direct applications for quantum simulations. [11][12][13][14][15] This approach is likely to be successful in the upcoming years; however, for practical use, its drawback is to be stuck to cryogenic temperatures.…”

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confidence: 99%