Biological pretreatment is a viable method for enhancing
biogas
production from straw crops, with the improvement in lignocellulose
degradation efficiency being a crucial factor in this process. Herein,
a metagenomic approach was used to screen core microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Trichoderma viride, and Aspergillus niger) possessing lignocellulose-degrading
abilities among samples from three environments: pile retting wheat
straw (WS), WS returned to soil, and forest soil. Subsequently, synthetic
microbial communities were constructed for fermentation–enzyme
production. The crude enzyme solution obtained was used to pretreat
WS and was compared with two commercial enzymes. The synthetic microbial
community enzyme-producing pretreatment (SMCEP) yielded the highest
enzymatic digestion efficacy for WS, yielding cellulose, hemicellulose,
and lignin degradation rates of 39.85, 36.99, and 19.21%, respectively.
Furthermore, pretreatment of WS with an enzyme solution, followed
by anaerobic digestion achieved satisfactory results. SMCEP displayed
the highest cumulative biogas production at 801.16 mL/g TS, which
was 38.79% higher than that observed for WS, 22.15% higher than that
of solid-state commercial enzyme pretreatment and 25.41% higher than
that of liquid commercial enzyme pretreatment. These results indicate
that enzyme-pretreated WS can significantly enhance biogas production.
This study represents a solution to the environmental burden and energy
use of crop residues.