Weak lensing, Hawking radiation and greybody factor bound by a charged black holes with non-linear electrodynamics corrections

Abstract

In this paper, we study gravitational lensing in the weak field limits and the shadow by charged black holes in non-linear electrodynamics corrections. To find the deflection angle in vacuum (non-plasma) up to the leading order terms, we compute the optical Gaussian curvature from optical metric and utilize the Gauss–Bonnet theorem by applying Gibbons and Werner’s technique. Also, we derive the bending angle in plasma and dark matter mediums and observe that the bending angle increases by increasing the effects of these mediums. Further, in vacuum and plasma mediums, we investigate the graphical behavior of the bending angle with respect to the impact parameter [Formula: see text] and notice that the bending angle exponentially decreases. Moreover, we calculate the Hawking temperature using the Gauss–Bonnet theorem and compare it with a standard method of computing the Hawking temperature. Furthermore, we investigate the bound of the greybody factor and graphically examine that bound converges to the [Formula: see text]. We relate our obtained results with the results of black holes given in the literature. Finally, we have considered exploring the effect of non-linear electrodynamics (NLED), plasma and dark matter on the black hole’s shadow radius to broaden the study’s scope. Results for the shadow indicate that the three parameters give different deviations to the shadow radius. Interestingly, while plasma affects both the photonsphere and shadow, dark matter only influences the shadow.

Testing symmergent gravity through the shadow image and weak field photon deflection by a rotating black hole using the M87$$^*$$ and Sgr. $$\hbox {A}^*$$ results

“…In 2008, Gibbons and Werner used the Gauss-Bonnet theorem (GBT) on the optical geometries in asymptotically flat spacetimes, and calculated weak deflection angle for first time in literature [23]. Afterwards, this method has been applied to various phenomena [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. One of the aims of the present paper is to probe symmergent gravity through the black hole's weak deflection angle using the GBT and also the shadow silhouette as perceived by a static remote observer.…”

4D scale-dependent Schwarzschild-AdS/dS black holes: study of shadow and weak deflection angle and greybody bounding

“…In 2008, Gibbons and Werner found a new way to derive deflection angle of the black holes in weak field limits by using Gauss-bonnet theorem on the optical metric for the Schwarzschild black hole [74], then Werner extended it to stationary black holes using the Kerr-Randers optical geometry [75]. Since then, this method of Gibbons-Werner has been used in various papers to show the weak deflection angle of many black holes or wormholes in the literature [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92].…”

Constraints on charged symmergent black hole from shadow and lensing

“…On the other hand, in 2008, Gibbons and Werner applied the Gauss-Bonnet theorem to optical geometries in asymptotically flat spacetimes, and calculated the weak deflection angle for the first time in the literature [99]. Since then, this method has been used to study a variety of phenomena [77,[100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113].…”