Weak linkage between the heaviest rainfall and tallest storms

Hamada, Atsushi; Takayabu, Yukari N.; Liu, Chuntao; Zipser, Edward J.

doi:10.1038/ncomms7213

Cited by 165 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Hamada and Takayabu (personal communication; see Supplement 2) also found a unimodal seasonal variation of extreme convective rainfall over the Japan area in their study using Table 1 for a and b values for the Nansei Islands. the TRMM Precipitation Radar data (Hamada et al 2015). This unimodality is consistent with the fact that disturbed atmospheric conditions are encountered throughout the warm season in dayto-day variations of the synoptic field.…”

Section: Summary and Remarkssupporting

confidence: 62%

Annual Variation of Extreme Precipitation Intensity in Japan: Assessment of the Validity of Clausius-Clapeyron Scaling in Seasonal Change

Fujibe

2016

SOLA

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The annual variation of extreme precipitation in Japan was analyzed using hourly data at 981 stations for 36 years (1979− 2014). Except over the Nansei Islands, the intensity of hourly extreme precipitation (P ext ) defined by upper 0.1% cases is found to show a unimodal annual variation with a peak in midsummer, unlike total precipitation amount which has a bimodal annual variation with two peaks of Baiu and Shurin. The dependence of P ext on mean temperature is close to or slightly lower than the Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) rate of 6−7%/K, indicating that the annual variation of extreme precipitation is strongly linked to that of saturation vapor amount. On the other hand, P ext is different according to regions by several tens of percent for a fixed temperature. This fact suggests the influence of geographical factors on its spatial distribution. As for 24-hour precipitation, P ext shows larger deviation from the CC scaling and larger regional differences than that of hourly precipitation, implying stronger control of synoptic effects in generating long-lasting heavy rainfall.(Citation: Fujibe, F., 2016: Annual variation of extreme precipitation intensity in Japan: Assessment of the validity of Clausius-Clapeyron scaling in seasonal change. SOLA, 12, 106− 110,

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Section: Summary and Remarkssupporting

confidence: 62%

Annual Variation of Extreme Precipitation Intensity in Japan: Assessment of the Validity of Clausius-Clapeyron Scaling in Seasonal Change

Fujibe

2016

SOLA

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“…Moreover, the average rainfall rates of some grid cells in Figure 2a,d are lower than 0.2 mm/h, which is even lower than the official minimum detectable thresholds of the two radars. These phenomena are partly due to the fact that from the result in our study presented later in Section 3.3.1 and Hamada et al [28], the official definition of minimum detectable rainfall rates may be too conservative for both radars [27]. Another reason is the computational method we adopted.…”

Section: Global Distribution Of Different Precipitation Typesmentioning

confidence: 68%

Similarities and Improvements of GPM Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) upon TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR) in Global Precipitation Rate Estimation, Type Classification and Vertical Profiling

2017

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Spaceborne precipitation radars are powerful tools used to acquire adequate and highquality precipitation estimates with high spatial resolution for a variety of applications in hydrological research. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, which deployed the first spaceborne Ka-and Ku-dual frequency radar (DPR), was launched in February 2014 as the upgraded successor of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). This study matches the swath data of TRMM PR and GPM DPR Level 2 products during their overlapping periods at the global scale to investigate their similarities and DPR's improvements concerning precipitation amount estimation and type classification of GPM DPR over TRMM PR. Results show that PR and DPR agree very well with each other in the global distribution of precipitation, while DPR improves the detectability of precipitation events significantly, particularly for light precipitation. The occurrences of total precipitation and the light precipitation (rain rates < 1 mm/h) detected by GPM DPR are~1.7 and~2.53 times more than that of PR. With regard to type classification, the dual-frequency (Ka/Ku) and single frequency (Ku) methods performed similarly. In both inner (the central 25 beams) and outer swaths (1-12 beams and 38-49 beams) of DPR, the results are consistent. GPM DPR improves precipitation type classification remarkably, reducing the misclassification of clouds and noise signals as precipitation type "other" from 10.14% of TRMM PR to 0.5%. Generally, GPM DPR exhibits the same type division for around 82.89% (71.02%) of stratiform (convective) precipitation events recognized by TRMM PR. With regard to the freezing level height and bright band (BB) height, both radars correspond with each other very well, contributing to the consistency in stratiform precipitation classification. Both heights show clear latitudinal dependence. Results in this study shall contribute to future development of spaceborne radar precipitation retrievals and benefit hydrological and meteorological research.

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“…Although the conceptual relationship between storm top height and rain-rate seems to be reasonable, recent research conducted by Hamada et al (2015) indicates that extreme precipitation at several region over the tropics have lower storm top height than the others. This paper aims to identify the properties of low storm top height extremes over the study area based on more than 15 years of TRMM observation, as well as the discrepancies between the active and passive sensors.…”

Section: The Maritime Continent Low Storm Top Height Extremementioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme precipitation over Indonesian maritime continent: Uncertainties in satellite estimation and its relationship with low storm top height extreme

Sekaranom¹

2018

Preprint

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This paper aims to explain the uncertainties in satellite rainfall estimation due to existence of very high near surface rain, but with relatively low cloud top height over Indonesian maritime continent (MC). More than 15 years of satellite precipitation data recorded by tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) were used in this analysis. The result reveals a large discrepancy between the active precipitation radar (PR 2A25) and passive microwave imager (TMI 2A12) over land surface. PR identifies low storm top height associated with large downward increase of radar reflectivity. In contrast, TMI identifies large ice scattering associated with higher storm top height, but with lower rain rates near surface. Further investigation identifies larger relative humidity and upward vertical velocity at middle part of the troposphere for the low storm height extremes. This condition represents a larger condensation around 300-500 hPa level, but less for the upper part. As a result, it produces lower amount of ice at the upper troposphere, contrasting to the type of extreme precipitation identified by TMI.

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Weak linkage between the heaviest rainfall and tallest storms

Cited by 165 publications

References 32 publications

Annual Variation of Extreme Precipitation Intensity in Japan: Assessment of the Validity of Clausius-Clapeyron Scaling in Seasonal Change

Annual Variation of Extreme Precipitation Intensity in Japan: Assessment of the Validity of Clausius-Clapeyron Scaling in Seasonal Change

Similarities and Improvements of GPM Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) upon TRMM Precipitation Radar (PR) in Global Precipitation Rate Estimation, Type Classification and Vertical Profiling

Extreme precipitation over Indonesian maritime continent: Uncertainties in satellite estimation and its relationship with low storm top height extreme

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