In this paper we study the existence of a mild solution of a periodic boundary value problem for fractional quasilinear differential equations in a Hilbert spaces. We assume that a linear part in equations is a self-adjoint positive operator with dense domain in Hilbert space and a nonlinear part is a map obeying Carathéodory type conditions. We find the mild solution of this problem in the form of a series in a Hilbert space. In the space of continuous functions, we construct the corresponding resolving operator, and for it, by using Schauder theorem, we prove the existence of a fixed point. At the end of the paper, we give an example for a boundary value problem for a diffusion type equation.