Wealth and Extramarital Sex Among Men in Zambia

Kimuna, Sitawa R.; Djamba, Yanyi K.

doi:10.1363/3108305

Cited by 43 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Consistent with the findings of other studies [36-39], we found associations between several other factors and extramarital sex. Having first sexual intercourse before 16 years of age was a predictor of extramarital sex compared to having the first sexual intercourse after 16.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Education and wealth index were both found to be significantly associated with having extramarital sexual relationships. This finding has not been consistent across the board [36,41]. While no association was found between socio-economic status and extramarital sexual relationships in Zambia [36] this was found to be the case in the United States of America [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This finding has not been consistent across the board [36,41]. While no association was found between socio-economic status and extramarital sexual relationships in Zambia [36] this was found to be the case in the United States of America [41]. The association between economic well being and multiple concurrent sexual relationships is to be expected because men with more resources have greater access to women than poorer men [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol use and extramarital sex among men in Cameroon

Kongnyuy

Wiysonge

2007

BMC Int Health Hum Rights

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BackgroundThe spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa is believed to be driven by unsafe sex, and identification of modifiable risk factors of the latter is needed for comprehensive HIV prevention programming in the region. Some previous studies suggest an association between alcohol abuse and unsafe sexual behaviour, such as multiple concurrent sexual partnerships and inconsistent condom use in sex with non-spousal non-cohabiting partners. However, most of these studies were conducted in developed countries and the few studies in Africa were conducted among well-defined social groups such as men attending beer halls or sexually transmitted infection clinics. We therefore examined the association between alcohol and extramarital sex (a sign of multiple concurrent sexual partnerships) among men in a population-based survey in Cameroon; a low-income country in sub-Saharan Africa with a high rate of alcohol abuse and a generalised HIV epidemic.MethodsWe analyzed data from 2678 formally married or cohabiting men aged 15 to 59 years, who participated in the 2004 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey, using a multivariate regression model.ResultsA quarter of the men (25.8%) declared having taken alcohol before their last sexual intercourse and 21% indicated that the last sex was with a woman other than their wife or cohabiting partner. After controlling for possible confounding by other socio-demographic characteristics, alcohol use was significantly associated with having extramarital sex: adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.70, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.40 to 2.05. Older age (30–44 years: OR 3.06, 95%CI 2.16–4.27 and 45–59 years: OR 4.10, 95%CI 2.16–4.27), higher education (OR 1.25, 95%CI 1.10–1.45), and wealth (OR 1.71, 95%CI 1.50–1.98) were also significantly associated with higher odds of having extramarital sex. The men were more likely to have used a condom in their last sex if it was extramarital (OR 10.50, 95%CI 8.10–13.66). Older age at first sex (16–19 years: OR 0.81, 95%CI 0.72–0.90 and > 19 years: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.65–0.87) and being the head of a household (OR 0.17, 95%CI 0.14–0.22) significantly decreased the odds of having sex outside of marriage. Religion and place of residence (whether urban or rural) were not significantly associated with extramarital sex.ConclusionAlcohol use is associated with having multiple concurrent non-spousal sexual partnerships among married men in Cameroon. We cannot infer a causal relationship between alcohol abuse and unsafe sex from this cross-sectional study, as both alcohol use and unsafe sexual behaviour may have a common set of causal personal and social factors. However, given the consistency with results of studies in other settings and the biologic plausibility of the link between alcohol intake and unsafe sex, our findings underscore the need for integrating alcohol abuse and HIV prevention efforts in Cameroon and other African countries with similar social profiles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Alcohol use and extramarital sex among men in Cameroon

Kongnyuy

Wiysonge

2007

BMC Int Health Hum Rights

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The signs of the coefficients were as expected given the arguments and findings of previous studies outlined in Section 3; however, it is important to note that no regular patterns related to the role of religious affiliation and the type of marriage were observed in the literature (Isiugo-Abanihe 1994;Carael, Ali, and Cleland 2001;Kimuna and Djamba 2005;Reniers and Tfaily 2008;Clark 2010). According to Models 1 and 2, age, education, risk perception, duration of marriage, and having spent at least one month outside of the district did not have a statistically significant influence on men's extramarital behavior.…”

Section: Empirical Analysissupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The influence of religion appears to differ depending on the country (IsiugoAbanihe 1994; Kimuna and Djamba 2005;Clark 2010). The indicator used in this study synthesized the different faiths into four categories: Muslim, Catholic, Protestant, and others.…”

Section: Data and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%