Wealth Gradients in Early Childhood Cognitive Development in Five Latin American Countries

Schady, Norbert; Behrman, Jere R.; Araujo, María Caridad; Azuero, Rodrigo; Bernal, Raquel; Bravo, David; Bóo, Florencia López; Macours, Karen; Marshall, Daniela; Paxson, Christina; Vakis, Renos

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3390095

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…It is important to recognize that the magnitude of this developmental slowing observed across our sample was not trivial, as infants decreased approximately 1.5 standard deviations from their 24-week standardized score and were approximately a full standard deviation below U.S. norms by 52 weeks. These results are consistent with studies that report a widening gap in cognitive test scores over time between children from high-versus low-risk contexts, 26,27 as well as a decline in scores among children specifically from LMICs. 28 In a study of Gambian infants, Milosavljevic and colleagues 29 found no differences between the standardized MSEL scores of infants in their study and U.S. norms when infants were between 5 and 9 months.…”

Section: Comparative Longitudinal Cognitive Trajectories In Relation ...supporting

confidence: 91%

Thiamine supplementation holds neurocognitive benefits for breastfed infants during the first year of life

Measelle

Baldwin

Gallant

et al. 2021

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Women reliant on mostly rice-based diets can have inadequate thiamine intake, placing breastfed infants at risk of thiamine deficiency and, in turn, physical and cognitive impairments. We investigated the impact of maternal thiamine supplementation doses on infants' cognitive, motor, and language development across the first year. In this double-blind, four-parallel-arm, randomized controlled trial, healthy mothers of exclusively breastfed newborn infants were recruited in Kampong Thom, Cambodia. At 2 weeks postnatal, women (n = 335) were randomized to one of four treatment groups to consume one capsule/day with varying amounts of thiamine for 22 weeks: 0, 1.2, 2.4, and 10 mg. At 2, 12, 24, and 52 weeks of age, infants were assessed with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) and the Caregiver Reported Early Development Instrument (CREDI). Multiple regression and mixed effects modeling suggest that by 6 months of age, the highest maternal thiamine dose (10 mg/day) held significant benefits for infants' language development, but generally not for motor or visual reception development. Despite having achieved standardized scores on the MSEL that approximated U.S. norms by 6 months, infants showed a significant drop relative to these norms in both language domains following trial completion, indicating that nutritional interventions beyond 6 months may be necessary.

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Section: Comparative Longitudinal Cognitive Trajectories In Relation ...supporting

confidence: 91%

Thiamine supplementation holds neurocognitive benefits for breastfed infants during the first year of life

Measelle

Baldwin

Gallant

et al. 2021

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…To measure receptive vocabulary, we use the Test de Vocabulario en Imagenes Peabody (TVIP) (Dunn et al 1986), the Spanish-speaking version of the much-used Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). The TVIP has been used widely to measure development among Latin American children-see Paxson and Schady (2007) for a comparison of vocabulary scores between children in Ecuador and the U.S., and Schady et al (2015) for evidence on levels and socioeconomic gradients in the TVIP in five Latin American countries, including Ecuador. The other three tests were taken from the Woodcock-Johnson battery of achievement tests (Woodcock and Muñoz-Sandoval 1996) and have been applied in other evaluations of interventions in settings similar to ours, including in Ecuador (Paxson and Schady 2011;Araujo et al 2016).…”

Section: B Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

When Promising Interventions Fail: Personalized Coaching for Teachers in a Middle-Income Country

Carneiro¹,

Cruz-Aguayo²,

Intriago³

et al. 2022

Policy Research Working Papers

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Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

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“…Quizás uno de los efectos más estudiados de la inseguridad alimentaria entre los niños se relaciona con su rendimiento académico. Se ha encontrado que los niños que han experimentado incluso una cantidad mínima de inseguridad alimentaria tienden a obtener puntajes más bajos y a aprender menos (Levy y Schady, 2013;Schady et al, 2015), por lo que presentan peores rendimientos que sus compañeros tanto en términos de salud como en resultados académicos (peores calificaciones en matemáticas, repetición de grado, ausentismo), además de presentar problemas de conducta (ansiedad, agresión, disfunción psicosocial, dificultad para llevarse bien con otros niños) (Jyoti, Frongillo y Jones, 2005). Los niños con inseguridad alimentaria muestran una mayor tasa de comportamiento agresivo, depresión y ansiedad, así como problemas de hiperactividad y falta de atención (Kimbro y Denney, 2015;Whitaker et al, 2006), además de afectar su capacidad para entablar relaciones interpersonales, ejercitar el autocontrol y sus actitudes generales hacia el aprendizaje (Howard, 2011).…”

Section: Seguridad Alimentaria (La Necesidad De)unclassified

Seguridad alimentaria y política pública: un desafío civilizatorio

Arellano-Esparza

2022

Estudios Sociales

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Objetivo: explorar y analizar la centralidad de la alimentación a través del uso del concepto de seguridad alimentaria y sus dimensiones como una guía para analizar la intervención pública en torno al tema de la alimentación. Se aborda el caso de México y políticas en torno a la alimentación. Metodología: se implementó un dispositivo analítico derivado de la conceptualización de la seguridad alimentaria y sus dimensiones para la exploración de la orientación de algunas de las principales políticas públicas en torno al tema y análisis usando fuentes secundarias. Resultados: la orientación general de la política pública en México en torno a la seguridad alimentaria es sumamente limitada en cuanto a su alcance. Entre 1940 y 1990 estuvieron orientadas mayormente a atender las dimensiones de la disponibilidad y acceso de la seguridad alimentaria (a través de subsidios para la producción como para el consumo y el fomento a las actividades productivas y comerciales); desde la década de 1980 en adelante la orientación general de la política pública se modificó y se concentró en atender mayormente la dimensión de acceso de la seguridad alimentaria de aquellos sectores de la población con necesidades extremas. Limitaciones: es un análisis que requiere complementarse con análisis estadísticos de los distintos programas y sus efectos para determinar, de manera aislada o en conjunto, su impacto sobre la seguridad alimentaria en México. Conclusiones: el tema de la seguridad alimentaria está muy distante de las preocupaciones del Estado mexicano y su política pública; se atienden parcialmente algunas de las dimensiones de la seguridad alimentaria (acceso y uso) sin que haya una estrategia amplia para lograr la misma.

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Wealth Gradients in Early Childhood Cognitive Development in Five Latin American Countries

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Thiamine supplementation holds neurocognitive benefits for breastfed infants during the first year of life

Thiamine supplementation holds neurocognitive benefits for breastfed infants during the first year of life

When Promising Interventions Fail: Personalized Coaching for Teachers in a Middle-Income Country

Seguridad alimentaria y política pública: un desafío civilizatorio

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