Weaning Anorexia May Contribute to Local Inflammation in the Piglet Small Intestine

McCracken, B A; Spurlock, Michael E.; Roos, Michel; Zuckermann, Federico A.; Gaskins, H. Rex

doi:10.1093/jn/129.3.613

Cited by 247 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These results disagree with those reported by Cera et al (1988), Makkink et al (1994), McCracken et al (1999 and Klurfeld (2002), who demonstrated a significant effect of total nutrient intake on gastrointestinal tract development; VH was directly related to dry matter and energy intake.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effect of plasma and/or yeast extract on performance and intestinal morphology of piglets from 7 to 63 days of age

Rigueira¹,

Thomaz

Rigueira

et al. 2013

R. Bras. Zootec.

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-The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets supplemented with plasma and/or yeast extract on performance (daily weight gain [DWG], daily feed intake [DFI] and feed conversion [FC]) and intestinal morphology of piglets from 7 to 63 days of age. A total of 288 piglets aged 7 days and weighing 2.57±0.05 kg were studied. A randomized block design consisting of four experimental diets, six repetitions and 12 piglets per experimental unit was adopted. The prestarter I (7 to 21 days), pre-starter II (22 to 35 days) and starter I (36 to 49 days) diets were supplemented as follows: control diet (CD): no plasma or yeast extract; plasma (PL) diet: addition of 6%, 4% and 2% plasma; yeast extract (YE) diet: addition of 6%, 4% and 2% yeast extract; plasma + yeast extract (PL+YE) diet: addition of 3%, 2% and 1% plasma and yeast extract each. From 50 to 63 days of age all piglets received the same diet. No difference in performance was observed from 7 to 21 days and from 7 to 28 days of age, whereas DWG was higher from 7 to 35 days in piglets receiving the PL+YE diet (268, 278, 271 and 288 g/day for CD, PL, YE and PL+YE, respectively). From 7 to 49 days and from 7 to 63 days, DWG (330 and 519 g/day, respectively) and DFI (307 and 647 g/day) were higher in animals receiving the PL-YE diet when compared with those consuming CD (DWG: 295 and 486 g/day; DFI: 266 and 594 g/day). No significant differences in intestinal morphology were observed between piglets receiving the different diets. The combination of plasma and yeast extract elevates DWG, but does not affect the intestinal morphology of piglets from 7 to 63 days of age.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effect of plasma and/or yeast extract on performance and intestinal morphology of piglets from 7 to 63 days of age

Rigueira¹,

Thomaz

Rigueira

et al. 2013

R. Bras. Zootec.

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“…Findings of shorter crypts on d 3 post-weaning in piglets on the low feed intake (trial 2) concur with the results of Pluske et al [34] showing, at 5 d post-weaning, shorter crypts in piglets fed at MEm than in those fed 2.5 times MEm. Furthermore, findings that shorter crypts are found in pigs weaned into a "clean" environment compared to pigs weaned into a "conventional" environment [30,44], suggest that the rate of epithelial renewal a marginal effect of weaning on crypt depth was found in our studies in agreement with the findings of Spreeuwenberg et al [42], whereas a transient decrease on d 2 postweaning was found by McCracken et al [28] and van Beers-Schreurs et al [47]. Crypt depth is dependent on several factors including the level of energy intake.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Small intestine growth and morphometry in piglets weaned at 7 days of age. Effects of level of energy intake

et al. 2002

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-Two trials involving a total of 56 pigs were conducted to examine the effects of weaning at 7 d of age (trial 1) and of energy intake level and length of post-weaning underfeeding period (trial 2) on small intestinal (SI) development and morphometry. At 3 d after weaning, weight of the SI and mucosa (g/kg body weight) and villous height along SI were reduced by 20, 36 and 41%, respectively, compared to the day of weaning. Intestinal morphometrical changes are dependent on SI site and days post-weaning. Villous atrophy on d 3 and recovery on d 14 post-weaning were greater and occurred earlier in the proximal than in the medial and distal SI. Villous height was dependent on the level of energy intake which explains 56% of the variations in proximal SI villous height in weaned pigs and 73% when data of the sow-reared pigs were included in the analysis. Moreover, after 4 d of refeeding, underfed piglets showed similar villous characteristics to piglets fed a continuously high feeding level after weaning stressing that capacities of intestinal restoration were not affected by the length of the post-weaning underfeeding period. Overall, the present results suggest a spatial and temporal effect of weaning on villous atrophy and recovery, and that the level of energy intake is a major factor accounting for the post-weaning villous height.weaning / level of food intake / small intestine / morphometry / piglet Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 42 (2002) [339][340][341][342][343][344][345][346][347][348][349][350][351][352][353][354] 339

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“…Villous atrophy is associated to gut disorders and malnutrition such as occurring at weaning, in parenterally fed animals or in animals suffering from infectious diseases. In these different situations, it is frequently associated with functional disturbances such as alteration of absorption capacity (Pluske et al, 1995;Marion et al, 2003) and permeability (McCracken et al, 1999;Kansagra et al, 2003;Boudry et al, 2004). In the present study, villous atrophy was associated with a reduction in aminopeptidase N-specific activity in the ileum.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Intestinal development and growth performance of early-weaned piglets fed a low-threonine diet

Hamard

Sève

Floc'H

2007

Animal

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High dietary threonine extraction by the digestive tract suggests that threonine contributes to maintain gut integrity. The aims of this study were to investigate the intestine development and the growth performance of early-weaned piglets pair-fed either a control well-balanced (C: 9.3 g threonine/kg diet) or a low-threonine diet (LT: 6.5 g threonine/kg diet) for 2 weeks. As expected, LT piglets presented lower plasma free threonine compared with C piglets (118 v. 356 6 12 mmol/l, P , 0.001). Dietary threonine supply altered neither growth performance nor growth of the intestine and of the other portal-drained viscera (stomach, spleen and pancreas). Nevertheless, villus height was reduced in the ileum of the LT piglets compared with C piglets (446 v. 714 6 74 mm, P , 0.05). This was also associated with a decrease in crypt width (P , 0.05) and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (P , 0.05). Whereas maltase and lactase activities did not change between the two groups, aminopeptidase nitrogen activity was decreased in the ileum of LT piglets (269 v. 374 6 27 IU/mg protein, P , 0.05). The number of mucincontaining goblet cells was not modified in the ileum and in the proximal part of the large intestine of the LT piglets compared with the C piglets. In conclusion, despite no alteration of intestinal growth, villus hypotrophy associated with a reduction of aminopeptidase nitrogen activity suggest an alteration of the structure of the ileum in early-weaned piglets fed a diet supplying inadequate dietary threonine.

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Weaning Anorexia May Contribute to Local Inflammation in the Piglet Small Intestine

Cited by 247 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of plasma and/or yeast extract on performance and intestinal morphology of piglets from 7 to 63 days of age

Effect of plasma and/or yeast extract on performance and intestinal morphology of piglets from 7 to 63 days of age

Small intestine growth and morphometry in piglets weaned at 7 days of age. Effects of level of energy intake

Intestinal development and growth performance of early-weaned piglets fed a low-threonine diet

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