Weaning of free-ranging infant baboons (Papio cynocephalus) as indicated by one-zero and instantaneous sampling of feeding

Rhine, Ramon J.; Norton, Guy W.; Wynn, Gail M.; Wynn, Roger D.

doi:10.1007/bf02735572

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…On the contrary, average insect eating per adult was substantial in every one of the 37 months of this study. Insect eating followed a steady developmental course from the third through the fourteen lunar month of life, when weaning from the nipple is almost complete (Rhine et al, 1985). Extrapolating from there to the adult data, insect food probably is a significant ingredient of the diet from weaning until death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Insect and meat eating among infant and adult baboons (Papio cynocephalus) of Mikumi National Park, Tanzania

Rhine

Norton

Wynn

et al. 1986

American J Phys Anthropol

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It has been suggested that baboon predation upon vertebrates may tend to peak in the dry season because insect food is then less available, and that males obtain animal nutrients primarily from vertebrates whereas other troop members obtain them primarily from invertebrates. The development of meat and insect eating by 22 male and 24 female infants studied for 25 months was compared with that of 18 male and 46 female adults studied for 37 months. Systematic sampling allowed quantitative comparisons between meat and insect eating, infants and adults, and males and females. Infants ate no meat, but their insect eating began early and increased steadily during the first year of life. In comparison with insect foods, meat was a minor ingredient of the adult's diet. Insect eating occurred less during dry than during rainy months, but meat eating was spread across the year. Reliable sex differences in insect eating did not occur. The findings were related to theories offered to explain the attractiveness of animal foods to primates and to the suggestion that a sex difference in predatory inclinations of hominid ancestors may have been a preadaptation underlying the eventual emergence of male hunting and female gathering.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Insect and meat eating among infant and adult baboons (Papio cynocephalus) of Mikumi National Park, Tanzania

Rhine

Norton

Wynn

et al. 1986

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…This may involve the introduction of high strontium seasonal foods or his increasing ability to acquire difficult-toprocess food resources, such as underground plant parts, which are naturally high in strontium [Rowell, 1966;Rhine and Westlund, 1978;Rhine et al, 1985Rhine et al, , 1989Altmann, 1998;Okecha and Newton-Fisher, 2006;Paterson, 2006;Sponheimer and LeeThorp, 2006;Humphrey et al, 2008b]. In Ugandan baboons, complete cessation of suckling is reported to occur between 12 and 16 months [Rowell, 1964[Rowell, , 1966.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship of Accentuated Lines in Enamel to Weaning Stress in Juvenile Baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis)

Dirks¹,

Humphrey²,

Dean³

et al. 2010

IJFP

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Weaning conflict may represent an evolutionary conflict of interest between parent and offspring, an honest signal of need on the part of a weanling, or both. Accentuated lines visible in histological sections of teeth are indicators of stress during enamel formation and have been hypothesised to form in baboon teeth during weaning. We analysed growth increments in 5 tooth sections from 2 Ugandan baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis), using polarised light microscopy, to determine when stresses occurred during the weaning process. Dietary transitions were reconstructed using normalised strontium intensities (Sr/Ca) in enamel. Accentuated lines were cross-matched between teeth from the same animal and plotted by month. The highest frequency of stress was experienced at around 6 months in 1 baboon, coinciding with an inferred reduction in suckling frequency, and at 11 months in another, coinciding with the inferred cessation of suckling. Because accentuated lines appear to indicate weaning stress at dietary transitions, weaning conflict may represent an honest signal of need on the part of the weanling.

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“…Focal animal observations of baboon feeding be havior began in March, 1978, and continued for the purposes of this study through March, 1983 [Rhine et al, 1985[Rhine et al, , 1986. Previously, an initial list of some 90 plant food species was compiled under the direction of Philip Sayalel, then Chief Park Warden of Mikumi.…”

Section: Identification Of Plant Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baboon Diet: A Five-Year Study of Stability and Variability in the Plant Feeding and Habitat of the Yellow Baboons (Papio cynocephalus) of Mikumi National Park, Tanzania

Norton

Rhine²,

Wynn³

et al. 1987

IJFP

100

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The habitat and plant feeding of 64 well-habituated, individually identified adult male and female yellow baboons was studied for 5 years at Mikumi National Park, Tanzania. Variation across the years showed that a study of only one or two years would have been incomplete and misleading. The list of baboon food species obtained from Mikumi is considerably larger and more diverse than any previously reported. One to six plant parts were eaten from each of more than 180 species. The 25 most common tree genera all contained species used for food. Of the 50 most common grass, shrub and herb genera, 93% included plant foods. Using months in which a species was eaten during at least one year of the study, 21 staple species were eaten during a mean of 8.86 months and 7 were eaten in all 12 months. Although many foods were from commonly available plant species, 15 such species were only rarely eaten. The number of parts of a species eaten per month and an estimate of the amounts eaten per month both varied with temperature and rainfall, being lowest near the end of the cool, dry season. There were substantial differences from year to year in the timing and amount of food production of many species; nevertheless, the same broad feeding pattern was repeated in each of the 5 years of the study. Despite yearly variation in food availability, 14 or more staples and other common foods were eaten in any given month. If crops of many of these foods were to fail, a large number of less commonly eaten species could be substituted. Baboons are eclectic feeders that appear to be optimizing their diet by selective feeding from among a wide array of available foods in an ever-changing floristic environment.

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Weaning of free-ranging infant baboons (Papio cynocephalus) as indicated by one-zero and instantaneous sampling of feeding

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Insect and meat eating among infant and adult baboons (Papio cynocephalus) of Mikumi National Park, Tanzania

Insect and meat eating among infant and adult baboons (Papio cynocephalus) of Mikumi National Park, Tanzania

The Relationship of Accentuated Lines in Enamel to Weaning Stress in Juvenile Baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis)

Baboon Diet: A Five-Year Study of Stability and Variability in the Plant Feeding and Habitat of the Yellow Baboons (Papio cynocephalus) of Mikumi National Park, Tanzania

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