Wear and scratch behaviour of electroless Ni-P-nano-TiO2: Effect of surfactants

Chemically Cross‐Linked Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐Supported Deep Eutectic Solvent Gel Electrolytes for Eco‐Friendly Supercapacitors

“…The specific energy density values obtained here are comparable in magnitude to those previously reported for traditional ionogel-containing supercapacitor prototypes. [35][36][37][38] While 0.1 A g À1 (corresponding to an areal current density of 2.4 mA cm À2 ) does not represent a particularly high rate of discharge for conventional supercapacitors, it is consistent with typical conditions used to characterize the behavior of ionic liquid/ionogel based prototypes. For example, Pettersson et al measured the cycling stability of their DES-containing, paperbased supercapacitor structure (1 cm 2 electrode area) using an applied current density of 3 mA cm À2 while also limiting the voltage range to 0.2 V-1.2 V. [13] Using a highly conductive ionogel electrolyte based on 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate, Pandey and Hashmi characterized the cycling behavior of their supercapacitor prototype (1.5 cm 2 electrode area) using a current density of 1 mA cm À2 ; furthermore, the maximum charging voltage was limited to 1.7 V, even though the potential stability limit was shown to be 3.8 V vs. Ag.…”

“…[34] A series resistance of 22 Ohm can be extracted from the x-intercept of the Nyquist plot at high frequency, which is somewhat larger than would be desirable for a commercial supercapacitor product but comparable to values obtained in other lab-scale supercapacitors prototypes containing ionic liquid-based electrolytes. [35][36][37][38] The nearly vertical straight line observed in Figure 6(a) at low frequencies demonstrates the expected electrostatic double layer capacitive behavior of a nonfaradaic supercapacitor. Figure 6(b) shows representative galvanostatic charge-discharge curves obtained for a DES gel supercapacitor prototype at applied current densities of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 A g À1 (based on the combined mass of two activated carbon fabric electrodes).…”

Cu/Ni/Au multilayers by electrochemistry: A crucial system in electronics - A critical review

“…Anionic surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) [173,177,195], sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) [175], and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) [175,184] have anionic functional groups. Cationic surfactants like cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) [162,200,229], dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) [182,189,231], and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB) [202,220] present cationic functional groups. Non-ionic surfactants, such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) [184], polyethylene glycol (PEG) [197], and tetraethyleneglycol dodecyl ether (Brij30) [189], have covalently bonded oxygen groups.…”

“…The critical micelle concentration (CMC) defines the behavior of surfactants inside electrolytes [231]. The concentration of surfactants should be determined regarding their CMC.…”

Electroless Deposition of Nanolayered Metallic Coatings

“…However, these processes have not gained wide acceptance, as it has poor adherence and non-productive behavior. Electroless process has received widespread acceptance in the market due to their exceptional anti-corrosion [4][5][6], wear resistance properties [3,[5][6][7] and also good for soldering and brazing applications [8]. Many metals like nickel, copper, gold, silver, palladium and cobalt are being deposited employing this technique [3,[9][10][11][12].…”