Wear debris compaction and friction film formation of polymer composites

Jacko, M. G.; Tsang, P.H.S.; Rhee, S. K.

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(89)90110-5

Cited by 133 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This film (with loosened debris, a stable friction level, and low wear rates) can be maintained at various temperatures, as long as it is not destroyed. 16 These results were confirmed with the microstructure analysis given in Figure 3. The areas covered with a disconti- The brake pads containing more Fe 2 O 3 powders than ZrSiO 4 and cashew dust show an unstable friction behaviour and a low fade resistance, and the areas covered with the friction film on the friction surface are increased (Figures 3c and 3d).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Synergistic effect of organic- and ceramic-based ingredients on the tribological characteristics of brake friction materials

Ertan

2016

Mater. Tehnol.

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In this study, the composition of a brake friction material was experimentally investigated with respect to the effects of the proportions of organic (cashew dust) and ceramic (ZrSiO4 and Fe2O3) based ingredients on the tribological properties. The tribological properties of the friction materials were evaluated using a Chase-type friction tester. The effect of the ingredient proportions on the wear resistance and friction stability were obtained in relation to the test temperature and the number of brakings. A scanning electron microscope was used to study the effect of braking on the sliding surface of the friction material. Results showed that the complementary nature of the organic-and ceramic-based ingredients provided the optimum friction behaviour, such as the coefficient of friction stability and the wear resistance. Keywords: sliding friction, brakes/clutches, wear testing, electron microscopy V {tudiji je bila eksperimentalno preiskovana sestava materiala za torne zavorne obloge, glede na razmerje organskih (prah indijskih ore{~kov) in kerami~nih sestavin na osnovi ZrSiO4 in Fe2O3 ter na tribolo{ke lastnosti. Tribolo{ke lastnosti tornih materialov so bile ocenjene z uporabo preizku{evalca trenja vrste Chase. Vpliv razmerja sestavin na odpornost proti obrabi in stabilnost trenja je bil ugotovljen glede na temperaturo preizkusa in {tevilo zaviranj. Vrsti~ni elektronski mikroskop je bil uporabljen za {tudij u~inka zaviranja na torni povr{ini tornega materiala. Rezultati so pokazali, da komplementarna narava sestavin na organski in kerami~ni osnovi, zagotavlja optimalno obna{anje pri trenju kot sta koeficient stabilnega trenja in odpornost na obrabo. Klju~ne besede: drsno trenje, zavore/sklopke, preizku{anje obrabe, elektronska mikroskopija

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Synergistic effect of organic- and ceramic-based ingredients on the tribological characteristics of brake friction materials

Ertan

2016

Mater. Tehnol.

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“…These findings further support formerly published data by Filip [15] revealing the complex character of the "friction layer". It is necessary to note that the friction layer is called "friction film" by several authors [17,18,19], and it was also described as "transfer layer" [20,21], "transfer film" [22], "third body" layer [17,23], "tribo-layer" [2], "tribofilm" [24], "mechanically mixed layer" (MML) [25], and as "first and secondary plateaus" [16,26]. Former work of Filip [27] clearly demonstrated that the friction layer consists of very fine wear particulates that are pressed and sintered together and chemistry of this layer can vary within one pad and also within one "patch".…”

Section: µM µMmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear mechanism in automotive brake materials, wear debris and its potential environmental impact

Kukutschová

Roubíček

Malachová

et al. 2009

Wear

155

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A model semi-metallic brake lining was subjected to full scale automotive brake dynamometer tests. The structural properties and surface topography of brake linings were analyzed at different stages of wear testing and correlated to frictional performance. Characteristics of released wear particles were also addressed. A combination of abrasive and adhesive wear with oxidative processes dominated the friction process. Formation of a friction layer adhering to the friction surfaces of pads and discs is the major feature responsible for friction performance. Characteristics of the friction layer depend mostly on surface temperature, normal pressure, and sliding speed. It is a newly formed sintered composite matter consisting of a mixture of wear particulates. Wear rates and friction levels depend on chemistry, structure and hardness of the friction layer covering the surface of a pad or a disc; however, there is no simple Archard-type relationship between wear and measured hardness.Wear debris generated during the dynamometer tests was collected from containers placed under the brake inside dynamometer chamber. The collected debris was compared with ball-milled particles from identical brake lining. It is necessary to combine several analytical methods to characterize wear particles properly. The presence of copper and iron oxides as well as carbonaceous components is typical for all collected debris samples. Chemistry of wear debris resembles chemistry of the friction layer. Composition, mutagenic potency and pulmonary toxicity of wear debris and ball-milled particles were also analyzed. Mutagenic potency of initial friction composite and wear particles was evaluated by two in vitro bacterial microbioassays (SOS Chromotest, Ames test). Obtained results show potency of wear particles for interacting with DNA after metabolic activation, which indicates the presence of indirect mutagens. The pulmonary toxicity test on rats revealed an acute response of the lung tissue to the ball-milled particles. Further research is necessary to address the role of brake wear particles and potential impact of sub-chronic exposure to wear debris.

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“…For a traditional cast iron brake disc, when it is tested against typical organic or sintered pads, a friction transfer layer, typically composed of a dense mixture of iron oxides and compounds such as lubricants, fillers and abrasives that originated from pads 4,17 , is fairly easily developed with a strong bond through fusing with iron matrix. Therefore, the focus of a cast iron brake has always been on the friction layer development on the contact surface of a pad, because it is the friction surface of a pad that largely dictates the bedding time required for a cast iron brake, as well as the level of friction coefficient after bedding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction performance of carbon/silicon carbide ceramic composite brakes in ambient air and water spray environment

Bian

2015

Tribology International

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Citation: BIAN, G. and WU, H., 2015 AbstractWe have examined friction performance, friction surface structure and chemistry of a carbon/silicon carbide ceramic brake disc tested against an organic pad in air, and water sprayenvironment. An average friction coefficient of 0.52 and 0.4 for a braking stop is achieved after bedding in air for a composite disc comprising 53.1% and 17.7% SiC/Si, respectively. It is identified that 100% SiC/Si and ~50% C f /C regions contribute the friction measurement.Tested in water spray, both brakes show a substantial fall of friction coefficient to a level <0.1.Evidences are provided for the existence of hydrodynamic friction. Friction transfer materials removal, SiC region polishing, and lower real contact pressure reinforce hydrodynamic process that a ceramic composite brake can experience.

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Wear debris compaction and friction film formation of polymer composites

Cited by 133 publications

References 6 publications

Synergistic effect of organic- and ceramic-based ingredients on the tribological characteristics of brake friction materials

Synergistic effect of organic- and ceramic-based ingredients on the tribological characteristics of brake friction materials

Wear mechanism in automotive brake materials, wear debris and its potential environmental impact

Friction performance of carbon/silicon carbide ceramic composite brakes in ambient air and water spray environment

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