Wear Mechanisms at High Temperatures: Part 2: Temperature Effect on Wear Mechanisms in the Erosion Test

Abstract

In previous investigations on wear mechanisms at high temperatures made in High Temperature-Single Impact Test (HT-SIT) and High Temperature-Continuous Impact Abrasion Test (HT-CIAT), predominant wear mechanisms were identified and correlations to different material parameters could be presumed. In order to confirm these correlations, four different alloys which are promising to be used in high temperature applications like a sinter grate have been studied in the High Temperature-Erosion Test (HT-ET) by the use of different impact angles and different impact energies. Especially the change of wear mechanism caused by increasing testing temperature was analysed in detail. Characterisation of microstructure and wear behaviour has been done by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results obtained by the use of the different measurement techniques were linked and set into comparison to calculate the volumetric wear of the specimen. Predominant wear mechanisms were determined using OM in the mode of cross-section images and SEM. The results indicate that material parameters such as hardness and hard phase content can be correlated to the erosion wear rates at different impact angles. The test results indicate that at higher temperatures, the material fatigue becomes a major wear-determining factor. The test results also confirmed that there is a critical impact energy for each material above where the wear rate increases significantly. Test results with thermally aged materials also show that a better heat-resistant matrix reduces the material fatigue thus resulting in lower wear rates.

Wear Mechanisms at High Temperatures. Part 3: Changes of the Wear Mechanism in the Continuous Impact Abrasion Test with Increasing Testing Temperature

“…However, abrasion resistance is also correlated to hardness, which changes with temperature. Resistance to high impact loads is not correlated to hardness [13,22]. Especially a microstructure containing coarse hard phases results in increased wear at high impact loads [13].…”

“…Especially a microstructure containing coarse hard phases results in increased wear at high impact loads [13]. Beyond a critical loading energy, which depends on the material, the wear rate increases significantly [22]. This threshold is not necessarily at the same energy for all temperatures, since materials often change their properties with temperature.…”

Influence of Secondary Precipitations in Fe-Based MMCs on High Temperature Wear Behaviour

“…Previous investigations show that in high temperature applications, several different wear mechanisms are relevant for the wear rate [13,[23][24][25]. It was shown that various material parameters influence the wear resistance, and some of these can be correlated to the wear rates under certain loading conditions.…”

“…However, abrasion resistance is also correlated to hardness, which is highly temperature dependent. Resistance to impact loads is not correlated to hardness [13,23]. But especially a microstructure containing coarse hard phases results in increased wear at high impact loads [13].…”

“…But especially a microstructure containing coarse hard phases results in increased wear at high impact loads [13]. Beyond a critical loading energy, which depends on the material, the wear rate increases significantly [23]. At elevated temperatures, wear mechanisms can vary significantly compared to room temperature [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”