Wear prevention characteristics of a palm oil-based TMP (trimethylolpropane) ester as an engine lubricant

Zulkifli, Nurin Wahidah Mohd; Kalam, M.A.; Masjuki, H.H.; Shahabuddin, M.; Yunus, Robiah

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.01.038

Cited by 188 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Both the wear scar diameter (WSD) and coefficient of friction (COF) were found as 0.35mm and 0.045 respectively with the JBL10, which are within the standard limits. Zulkifli et al [29] investigated lubricant capacity of palm-oil-derived trimethylolpropane ester (TMP) in various lubrication regimes, i.e. BL, HDL, etc.…”

Section: Vegetable Oil Based Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lubricity Improvement of the Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel Fuel with the Biodiesel

2015

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Ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel is essential requirement as per the emission regulation. With the adoption of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process, the diesel fuel loses its inherent lubricity, however certain amount of lubricity of diesel fuel is needed to save several engine components from wear and failure. Though the loss of lubricity of the diesel fuel is observed with the removal of sulfur, it is mainly due to the loss of nitrogen and oxygen based polar trace compounds which are also removed in the HDS process. Unrefined biodiesels having little amount of monoglycerides (<0.8%) and free fatty acids also show better lubricity and fuel properties to be used as fuel lubricant. Biodiesel are also considered as the suitable blending compound with the diesel. This study found that the biodiesel blends up to 20% with the diesel fuel can effectively reduce both the wear of the tribo-contact surfaces as well as the friction coefficient. The use of biodegradable fuel lubricant has set away the threat of environment pollution by the diesel additives which are derived chemically. The oxidation stability and the low temperature properties of both the biodiesel and the vegetable oils can be improved with some chemical modification. It can be concluded that the use of biodiesel with the diesel fuel can be an appropriate option for effective engine lubrication system where only the fuel has to provide the required lubricity.

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Section: Vegetable Oil Based Lubricantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lubricity Improvement of the Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel Fuel with the Biodiesel

2015

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“…Vegetable oils were tested in various forms typically comprising pure oil [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] ; blended with other oil [20][21][22] ; formulated with additives 12,16,[23][24][25][26][27] and with modification through chemical synthesis 18,[27][28][29][30][31][32] . It is important to evaluate the performance of vegetable oil in the form of pure oil before any modification of base oil can be developed because basestocks have a strong influence on the lubricant chemical and tribological properties 33 .…”

Section: Tribological Performance Of Vegetable Oils As Biolubricants mentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction and wear response of vegetable oils and their blends with mineral engine oil in a reciprocating sliding contact at severe contact conditions

Bahari

Lewis

Slatter

2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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Although many studies investigating the tribological performance of pure vegetable oils have been conducted, a better understanding of vegetable oil tribological performance at extreme conditions is still needed. Similarly, little work has been carried out to study the influence of the vegetable oils on the performance of a lubricant formed from a blend of vegetable oil and conventional mineral engine oil. This work presents the tribological performance of vegetable oils, and their blends with mineral oil, in a high temperature and contact pressure reciprocating contact. Palm and soybean based vegetable oils were mixed with a commercial mineral engine oil at a 1:1 ratio by volume. The conventional mineral oil was also tested to provide a benchmark. The pure palm oil exhibited lower friction than soybean oil, but for wear performance, this was reversed. The friction performance of the palm oil was competitive to that of the mineral engine oil. The mineral engine oil was far superior in wear resistance over both vegetable oils. When blended with mineral engine oil both vegetable oils demonstrated a reduction in coefficient of friction when compared to their pure oil states. An improvement in wear performance was observed for both a blend of palm oil and mineral engine oil (25% improvement) and that of soybean and mineral engine oil (27% improvement). This work shows that for palm oil and soybean oil, the performance of a blended oil is influenced by its vegetable oil component and that tribological characteristics of vegetable oils are dominant. That said, the significant limitation of these vegetable oils is their ability to provide a satisfactory level of wear resistance. It is suggested that any future work in this area should have a greater emphasis on the enhancement of wear resistance.

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“…It is preferred due to its advantages such as being nature friendly, renewability, non-toxicity, biodegradability, high lubricity and viscosity level, high viscosity index, high ash point, low volatility, and high shear stability [4][5][6]. There have been relatively few recent studies on palm oil to be used as additive mineral oilbased lubricants, biodiesel production, and lubricant base stock [7][8][9][10]. Palm oil is one of the economical vegetable oils in Malaysia, and Malaysia is the one of the world's largest producer of palm oil [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous researches conducted an experiment on palm oil to use as an additive in mineral oil-based lubricants, as biodiesel production, and as lubricant base stock [7][8][9][10]; however, there are limited references to the Re ned, Bleached and Deodorized (RBD) palm kernel as a base lubricant formulated with ZDDP additive. In this study, tribological properties of RBD palm kernel with various concentrations of ZDDP additive were evaluated using a modi ed pin-on-disk tribotester.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological behavior of refined, bleached and deodorized palm kernel as an alternative lubricant

Farhanah

Samion

2017

Scientia Iranica

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Abstract. The e ects of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) concentration on tribological behavior of the Re ned, Bleached, and Deodorized (RBD) palm kernel were analyzed using a pin-on-disk tribotester. RBD palm kernel was selected as a base lubricant due to its availability, low price, renewability, and being environmentally friendly. Commercial mineral oil (SAE 40) was used for comparison. The tests were performed at 2.5 m/s sliding speed under 9.8 N applied load for 60 minutes at 25 C temperature ( 2 C). Worn surface of the pin was measured by the optical microscope to understand the wear mechanism involved. Compared with SAE 40, experimental results show that the addition of 5 wt% of ZDDP reduced the coe cient of friction to 21%. However, the anti-wear property was still lower, approximately at 23%. Besides, the tribological behavior of RBD palm kernel was improved with ZDDP additive concentration above 1 wt% where the best performance was at 5 wt%. At this concentration level, ZDDP additive was able to protect the surface against wear and oxidation and, at the same time, reduce coe cient of friction, wear rate, and surface roughness values.

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Wear prevention characteristics of a palm oil-based TMP (trimethylolpropane) ester as an engine lubricant

Cited by 188 publications

References 19 publications

Lubricity Improvement of the Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel Fuel with the Biodiesel

Lubricity Improvement of the Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel Fuel with the Biodiesel

Friction and wear response of vegetable oils and their blends with mineral engine oil in a reciprocating sliding contact at severe contact conditions

Tribological behavior of refined, bleached and deodorized palm kernel as an alternative lubricant

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