Wear protection of steels by boriding, vanadizing, nitriding, carburising, and hardening

Habig, Karl‐Heinz

doi:10.1016/0261-3069(80)90018-7

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The inserted boron reacting with the base material to form borides plays a prominent role in the field of corrosion and tribology and they can be made by the parts involved through various means and techniques [1,2]. Research work [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] found that the boronizing became a conventional surface treatment such as nitriding and carburizing and it is currently applied in many branches of industry and shows advantageous properties such as high resistance to adhesive and abrasive, and provides good resistance to most acids. Although many researchers have investigated boron including properties and performance of boron coating at room temperature, the influence of a boron on high temperature oxidation resistance of a metal and alloy substrate in terms of kinetics mechanisms is still limited [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Boronizing on the Oxidation Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of boronizing treatment on oxidation at high temperature on 316L stainless steel was studied at 850, 900, 950, and 1000• C in air, for holding times between 0.25 and 24 h. The oxidation resistance of unboronized and boronized specimens was studied isothermally by thermogravimetric analyzer. The oxidation rate constant represented as a parabolic rate constant Kp was evaluated. Optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and the scanning electron microscopy were used for surface characterizations. The experimental results show that boronized coating increases the resistance of stainless steel 316l about twice and prevents oxygen from penetrating into the stainless steel substrate at the temperatures between 850 and 1000• C.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Boronizing on the Oxidation Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hard coatings with carbides, borides and nitrides have been successfully utilised for engineering applications where specific properties at particular locations are required without compromising the bulk material strengths [1][2][3][4][5]. In particular, resistant layers of borides are produced in ferrous and non-ferrous materials through the well-developed process of boriding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boro-nitriding coating on pure iron by powder-pack boriding and nitriding processes

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To alleviate spallation and crack difficulties exhibited by a borided metallic surface when it is subjected to a normal, heavy and sliding load under dry conditions, a boron nitride coating was produced on pure iron in two stages: boriding the iron surface at 950 °C for 6 h and then nitriding the pre-borided iron at 550 °C for 6h. The powder-pack technique was used in both stages. XRD measurements confirmed that the grown layers were nitrides and duplex borides. The produced diffusion of the layers reached 240 µm in depth as measured by SEM images. The measured microhardness across the case favoured the interphase cohesion between the iron nitrides and iron borides layers.Consequently, the multicomponent coating exhibited superior wear resistance to an applied normal load under dry sliding contact conditions in comparison to borided iron.

show abstract

“…Hence, materials performance and service life rely in many cases to a high degree on the properties of a material component in its surface region [1][2]. Nitriding on the surface of ferrous alloys results in the formation of a compound layer of γ´-Fe4N1-x and ɛ -Fe3N nitrides or a mixture of γ´ and ɛ with a nitrogen diffusion zone beneath the nitride layer [3][4][5]. Likewise, the boriding is a thermochemical treatment in which boron atoms are diffused into the surface of a workpiece and form borides with the base metal, which is performed to increase the hardness, wear and corrosion resistance of these materials in engineering components for industrial applications that require those properties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, the boriding is a thermochemical treatment in which boron atoms are diffused into the surface of a workpiece and form borides with the base metal, which is performed to increase the hardness, wear and corrosion resistance of these materials in engineering components for industrial applications that require those properties. In case of ferrous alloys, the boride layer may be either a single phase layer (Fe2B) or a double phase layer (FeB and Fe2B) depending on the boron activity in the boriding agent and also on the boriding parameters (time and temperature) depending on the boriding conditions [1,5]. In this study, the microstructure of a mixture of γ´-Fe4N1-x, ɛ -Fe3N and Fe2B layers formed on an ARMCO pure iron surface have been investigated at different temperatures by the combination of two powder-pack processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Characterization of Nitro-Boriding Coating on ARMCO® Pure Iron

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Corrosion, wear and fatigue involve chemical and/or mechanical interaction of the material component considered with loads imposed by the environment. Hence, materials performance and service life rely in many cases to a high degree on the properties of a material component in its surface region [1][2]. Nitriding on the surface of ferrous alloys results in the formation of a compound layer of γ´-Fe4N1-x and ɛ -Fe3N nitrides or a mixture of γ´ and ɛ with a nitrogen diffusion zone beneath the nitride layer [3][4][5]. Likewise, the boriding is a thermochemical treatment in which boron atoms are diffused into the surface of a workpiece and form borides with the base metal, which is performed to increase the hardness, wear and corrosion resistance of these materials in engineering components for industrial applications that require those properties. In case of ferrous alloys, the boride layer may be either a single phase layer (Fe2B) or a double phase layer (FeB and Fe2B) depending on the boron activity in the boriding agent and also on the boriding parameters (time and temperature) depending on the boriding conditions [1,5]. In this study, the microstructure of a mixture of γ´-Fe4N1-x, ɛ -Fe3N and Fe2B layers formed on an ARMCO pure iron surface have been investigated at different temperatures by the combination of two powder-pack processes.Cubic commercial samples were cut from an ARMCO iron bar with composition: Mn, 800 ppm; C and P, 200 ppm; and S, 150 ppm. The substrate pure iron used in this work was selected to curb the effect of alloying elements in order to solely analyse the characteristic boride and nitride layers and some of their mechanical effects. The nitro-boriding treatment was carried out in two stages: nitriding and then boriding. Powder-pack nitriding and boriding procedures were preferred in this study for its costeffectiveness, and simplicity of the required equipment. The samples were embedded in a closed cylindrical case (AISI 304L stainless steel) having a nitrogen powder mixture inside with an average particle size of 30 µm. The nitriding agent contained an active source of calcium cyanamide (CaCN2, ~24% of N) and calcium silicate (CaSi, ~35 wt.% of the mixture) as an activator. The powder-pack nitriding process was carried out in a conventional furnace under a pure argon atmosphere at 773 and 823 K for 2 and 8 h of exposure for each temperature. Once the nitriding treatment was finished the container was removed from the furnace and slowly cooled to room temperature. In the second step, the pre-nitriding iron samples were borided by the pack method in the boriding agent contained an active source of boron (20% of B4C), an inert filler (70% of SiC), and an activator (10% of KBF4). The powder-pack boriding process was carried out in a conventional furnace under a pure argon atmosphere at 1223 and 1273 K for 2 and 8 h of exposure for each temperature using the same furnace and conditions. The depth of the surface coatings and morphology were analysed by SEM and EDS (JEOL JSM-6360 LV at 20 kV)....

show abstract

Wear protection of steels by boriding, vanadizing, nitriding, carburising, and hardening

Cited by 33 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of Boronizing on the Oxidation Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel

Effect of Boronizing on the Oxidation Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel

Boro-nitriding coating on pure iron by powder-pack boriding and nitriding processes

Microstructural Characterization of Nitro-Boriding Coating on ARMCO® Pure Iron

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About