Wearable Freedive Computer With Acoustic Communication

Bube, Benjamin; Klocke, Heinrich Georg; Palma, Ana María Lara; Zanón, Bruno Baruque

doi:10.1109/mce.2021.3096795

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As seen in Table 6 , two such wearables fall back on a 2-part solution in which the transmitter or receiver is attached to the back, and the diver simply connects a wearable to the device on their back [ 54 , 55 ]. Furthermore, apart from those in a study by Bube et al [ 56 ], none of the wearables can reach a range of more than 20 m, which is not sufficient for meaningful use. Additionally, the data rate also decreases considerably as the communication range increases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…As soon as underwater communication wearables can be made to be cheaper and more compact, other subaspects, such as the collection of vital parameter data, will automatically improve. The first promising step toward a more cost-effective and compact device with an acceptable communication range has already been presented [ 56 ]. A wearable device with data transmission capabilities can be manufactured commercially through consistent and further developments that are based on previous approaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wearable Devices in Diving: Scoping Review

Bube¹,

Zanón²,

Palma³

et al. 2022

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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Background Wearables and their benefits for the safety and well-being of users have been widely studied and have had an enormous impact on the general development of these kinds of devices. Yet, the extent of research into the use and impact of wearable devices in the underwater environment is comparatively low. In the past 15 years, there has been an increased interest in research into wearables that are used underwater, as the use of such wearables has steadily grown over time. However, there has so far been no clear indication in the literature about the direction in which efforts for the design and construction of underwater wearable devices are developing. Therefore, the analysis presented in this scoping review establishes a good and powerful basis for the further development and orientation of current underwater wearables within the field. Objective In this scoping review, we targeted wearable devices for underwater use to make a comprehensive map of their capabilities and features and discuss the general direction of the development of underwater wearables and the orientation of research into novel prototypes of these kinds of devices. Methods In September 2021, we conducted an extensive search for existing literature on 4 databases and for grey literature to identify developed prototypes and early-stage products that were described and tested in water, could be worn and interacted with (eg, displays, buttons, etc), and were fully functional without external equipment. The studies were written in English, came from peer-reviewed academic sources, and were published between 2005 and 2021. We reviewed each title and abstract. The data extraction process was carried out by one author and verified by another author. Results In total, 36 relevant studies were included. Among these, 4 different categories were identified; 18 studies dealt primarily with safety devices, 9 dealt with underwater communication devices, 7 dealt with head-up displays, and 2 dealt with underwater human-computer interaction approaches. Although the safety devices seemed to have gained the most interest at the time of this study, a clear trend toward underwater communication wearables was identified. Conclusions This review sought to provide a first insight into the possibilities and challenges of the technologies that have been used in and for wearable devices that are meant for use in the underwater environment. Among these, underwater communication technologies have had the most significant influence on future developments. Moreover, a topic that has not received enough attention but should be further addressed is human-computer interaction. By developing underwater wearables that cover 2 or more of the technology categories that we identified, the extent of the benefits of such devices can be significantly increased in the future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Devices in Diving: Scoping Review

Bube¹,

Zanón²,

Palma³

et al. 2022

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Safety device [173] 14m Polymer/PMMA (Lexan, Acryl, Plexiglas, etc.) communication [191], [193], [194] 1.5m, 18m, 250m HUD [204], [205] 10 , [206], [209] 300m, 45m (100m), N.A. ,95m (300m) Safety device [176], [167], [168], [171], [172], [177], [180], [183] 30m (80m), 11m (200m), 3m (90m), 10.5m (200m), 45m, 3m (90m), 300m, N.A., potting compound HUD [207] 11 , [209], [210] 9m, 95m (300m), 130m tempered glass Interaction [199] 50m not specified Safety device [175], [182] 30m, 9m As expected, across all examined studies, the depth tested is well below the theoretical respectively the construction depth (Figure 13.…”

Section: Housing and Sealingmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Studies covering underwater communication devices, two of them fall back on a two-part solution, in that the transmitter / receiver is attached to the back and the diver simply connects a wearable to the device on the back [188], [189]. Furthermore, apart from [193], none of the wearables can reach a range of more than 20m, which is not sufficient for a meaningful use until now. Conversely, however, the data rate also decreases significantly with the range.…”

Section: Underwater Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As soon as this can be solved inexpensively and compactly, the other sub-aspects such as the collection of vital parameters will automatically arise. The first promising step in the direction of a more costeffective and compact device with an acceptable range has already been presented [193]. A wearable device with data transmission can be manufactured commercially through consistent further development based on previous approaches.…”

Section: Ref Communication Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding and supporting wearable technologies for freedivers

Bube

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Wearable devices in diving: A systematic review (Preprint)

Bube¹,

Zanón²,

Palma³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Wearable devices have grown enormously in importance in recent years. While wearables have generally been well studied, they have not yet been discussed in the underwater environment. OBJECTIVE The reason for this systematic review was to systematically search for the wearables for underwater operation used in the scientific literature, to make a comprehensive map of their capabilities and features, and to discuss the general direction of development. METHODS In September 2021, we conducted an extensively search of existing literature in the largest databases using keywords. For this purpose, only articles were used that contained a wearable or device that can be used in diving. Only articles in English were considered, as well as peer-reviewed articles. RESULTS In the 36 relevant studies that were found, four device categories could be identified: safety devices, underwater communication devices, head-up displays and underwater human-computer interaction devices. CONCLUSIONS The possibilities and challenges of the respective technologies were considered and evaluated separately. Underwater communication has the most significant influence on future developments. Another topic that has not received enough attention is human-computer interaction.

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Wearable Freedive Computer With Acoustic Communication

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Wearable Devices in Diving: Scoping Review

Wearable Devices in Diving: Scoping Review

Understanding and supporting wearable technologies for freedivers

Wearable devices in diving: A systematic review (Preprint)

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