Wearable Magnetic Field Sensors for Flexible Electronics

Melzer, Michael; Mönch, J.; Makarov, Denys; Zabila, Y.; Bermúdez, Gilbert Santiago Cañón; Karnaushenko, Daniil; Baunack, S.; Bahr, F.; Yan, Chenglin; Kaltenbrunner, Martin; Schmidt, Oliver G.

doi:10.1002/adma.201405027

Cited by 223 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In this respect, the smart combination of metallic thin films deposited directly on polymeric supports allowed to fabricate flexible Hall sensors 11 as well as flexible and even stretchable magnetoelectronics relying on the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect in multilayers [12][13][14] and spin valves 15,16 or on the tunnel magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions. 17,18 These flexible devices are already successfully integrated in fluidic systems, 19 applied as pointing devices and proximity sensorics 11,20 and act as components of printed electronics. 21,22 Integrated into smart skins, these magneto-sensory systems equip the recipient with a so called sixth sense able to perceive the presence of static or dynamic magnetic fields for orientation and manipulation aids.…”

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confidence: 99%

High-performance giant magnetoresistive sensorics on flexible Si membranes

Pérez

Melzer

Makarov

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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We fabricate high-performance giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensorics on Si wafers, which are subsequently thinned down to 100 mu m or 50 mu m to realize mechanically flexible sensing elements. The performance of the GMR sensors upon bending is determined by the thickness of the Si membrane. Thus, bending radii down to 15.5mm and 6.8mm are achieved for the devices on 100 mu m and 50 mu m Si supports, respectively. The GMR magnitude remains unchanged at the level of (15.3 +/- 0.4)% independent of the support thickness and bending radius. However, a progressive broadening of the GMR curve is observed associated with the magnetostriction of the containing Ni81Fe19 alloy, which is induced by the tensile bending strain generated on the surface of the Si membrane. An effective magnetostriction value of lambda(s) = 1.7 x 10(-6) is estimated for the GMR stack. Cyclic bending experiments showed excellent reproducibility of the GMR curves during 100 bending cycles

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confidence: 99%

High-performance giant magnetoresistive sensorics on flexible Si membranes

Pérez

Melzer

Makarov

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Our current models suggest the usage of RF sources for both 64 MHz and 0.5 GHz at corresponding locations on the skin tissue. Possible materials for these wristbands include highly flexible bismuth Hall sensors on polymeric foils [16]. These sensors were designed with such applications in mind and could be adapted to fit either the inserted catheter or external source models we envision for future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Simulation for the Diagnosis of Lipoprotein Density in Human Blood, a Non-Invasive Approach

Law¹,

Kakani²,

Agarwal³

et al. 2017

OJAB

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With the rise in prevalence of Type II diabetes throughout the world, an increasing need for a portable monitoring system for both blood glucose and lipoprotein concentrations is in demand. Recent work has led to non-invasive wearable devices for monitoring changes in blood glucose concentrations using electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, this still fall short as a means of monitoring cholesterol levels in diabetic patients. The EM study on human tissues emphasized here may also relate to the safety guidelines applied to cellular communications, power lines, and other EM applications. The specific absorption rate (SAR) for the power of the non-ionizing frequency must not exceed a threshold as it impacts DNA and can lead to cancerous tissues. In this study, we used COMSOL software for the investigation of the viability of using EM within the frequency range of 64 MHz -1 GHz as a means of monitoring the transmission properties of human blood and lipoprotein. In this approach, wave equations were solved within blood and lipoprotein boundaries. Research parameters, including frequency range, Power input (SAR), and lipoprotein densities, were investigated. The transmission properties, produced by the electrical and thermal characteristics of these physiological parameters, have led to proper diagnosis of lipoprotein density. Within the frequency range of 64 MHz to 1 GHz, and for a power range of 0.1 to 0.6 SAR, lipoprotein density from 1.00 g/mL to 1.20 g/mL was considered. A 2D model, with an antenna source that supplied the electromagnetic waves to human tissues, was created for the simulations. These were used for the study of the transmission properties of the EM energy into the blood and lipoprotein tissues. While the range of magnetic flux values between simulations varies only slightly or not at all, the distribution of these

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“…These sensors were used as pressure sensors and in large area sensor skins [78]. Magnetic field sensors [79] are one category developed using inorganic functional nano-membranes with polymeric foils. A linear array of 8 sensors was formed to work on the principle of Hall Effect to achieve high bulk sensitivity.…”

Section: Types Of Sensing Using Wearable Flexible Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Flexible Sensors: A Review

2017

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Abstract-The paper provides a review on some of the significant research work done on wearable flexible sensors (WFS). Sensors fabricated with flexible materials have been attached to a person along with the embedded system to monitor a parameter and transfer the significant data to the monitoring unit for further analyses. The use of wearable sensors has played a quite important role to monitor physiological parameters of a person to minimize any malfunctioning happening in the body. The paper categorizes the work according to the materials used for designing the system, the network protocols and different types of activities that were being monitored. The challenges faced by the current sensing systems and future opportunities for the wearable flexible sensors regarding its market values are also briefly explained in the paper.

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Wearable Magnetic Field Sensors for Flexible Electronics

Cited by 223 publications

References 27 publications

High-performance giant magnetoresistive sensorics on flexible Si membranes

High-performance giant magnetoresistive sensorics on flexible Si membranes

Electromagnetic Simulation for the Diagnosis of Lipoprotein Density in Human Blood, a Non-Invasive Approach

Wearable Flexible Sensors: A Review

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