2014
DOI: 10.3390/electronics3020282
|View full text |Cite
|
Sign up to set email alerts
|

Wearable Photoplethysmographic Sensors—Past and Present

Abstract: Photoplethysmography (PPG) technology has been used to develop small, wearable, pulse rate sensors. These devices, consisting of infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodetectors, offer a simple, reliable, low-cost means of monitoring the pulse rate noninvasively. Recent advances in optical technology have facilitated the use of high-intensity green LEDs for PPG, increasing the adoption of this measurement technique. In this review, we briefly present the history of PPG and recent developments in wearab… Show more

Help me understand this report

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...
3
1
1

Citation Types

6
430
0
14

Year Published

2015
2015
2022
2022

Publication Types

Select...
8
1
1

Relationship

0
10

Authors

Journals

citations
Cited by 720 publications
(490 citation statements)
references
References 67 publications
6
430
0
14
Order By: Relevance
“…Recent developments in wearable health monitoring devices have generated renewed interest in the potential capability of photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors (17). Deriving instantaneous pulse rate values from PPG signals is desirable in many applications, not least pulse rate variability (PRV) analysis as a surrogate for heart rate variability (HRV) analysis.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recent developments in wearable health monitoring devices have generated renewed interest in the potential capability of photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors (17). Deriving instantaneous pulse rate values from PPG signals is desirable in many applications, not least pulse rate variability (PRV) analysis as a surrogate for heart rate variability (HRV) analysis.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These devices are typically worn on the wrist or hip and provide the user with information about their physical activity, such as steps taken, vertical and horizontal moving distance, and sleep patterns. Recently developed devices can measure heart rate using photoplethysmography, which measures differential reflection of light from the skin, based on the pulsatility of superficial blood vessels [12]. A number of 4 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 studies on the accuracy of these wrist-worn heart rate monitors have been published, showing a relatively accurate heart rate during the resting state [13,14].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, these previous studies have been mainly focused only on HR measurement or short durational measurement of HRV, and there are no supportive or unsupportive results on the validity of long-durational HRV measurement by a PPG. It is known that a PPG on a wrist is vulnerable to motion artifacts and pressure disturbances, and, sometimes, the recorded data are averaged/smoothed to eliminate such disturbances [43], which makes it difficult to get the accurate scores of HRV from PPG. Therefore, we need to propose a way, with consideration of the limitations of the PPG, to get enough reliable results from HRV measurement to capture the fluctuation of people's physiological stress level.…”
Section: Apparatus For Hrv Measurementmentioning
confidence: 99%