Wearable Solutions for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Neurocognitive Disorder: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Prevalence of neurocognitive diseases in adult patients demands the use of wearable devices to transform the future of mental health. Recent development in wearable technology proclaimed its use in diagnosis, rehabilitation, assessment, and monitoring. This systematic review presents the state of the art of wearables used by Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients or the patients who are going through a neurocognitive disorder. This article is based on PRISMA guidelines, and the literature is searched between January 2009 to January 2020 analyzing four databases: PubMed, IEEE Xplorer, Elsevier, and ISI Web of Science. For further validity of articles, a new PEDro-inspired technique is implemented. In PEDro, five statistical indicators were set to classify relevant articles and later the citations were also considered to make strong assessment of relevant articles. This led to 46 articles that met inclusion criteria. Based on them, this systematic review examines different types of wearable devices, essential in improving early diagnose and monitoring, emphasizing their role in improving the quality of life, differentiating the various fitness and gait wearable-based exercises and their impact on the regression of disease and on the motor diagnosis tests and finally addressing the available wearable insoles and their role in rehabilitation. The research findings proved that sensor based wearable devices, and specially instrumented insoles, help not only in monitoring and diagnosis but also in tracking numerous exercises and their positive impact towards the improvement of quality of life among different Parkinson and neurocognitive patients.

PatientDataChain: A Blockchain-Based Approach to Integrate Personal Health Records

“…Wearable sensors are now influencing healthcare and medicine by allowing remote health monitoring, analysis of the healthcare condition, and prediction of health events [ 22 ]. Wearables, as well as health apps, have grown in popularity in recent years [ 23 ] Besides monitoring physical exercise, heart rate, sleep, or calories, they are also able to support the management of chronically ill patients suffering from specific diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, neurocognitive disorders, or diabetes [ 24 ].…”

Automatic Resting Tremor Assessment in Parkinson’s Disease Using Smartwatches and Multitask Convolutional Neural Networks

“…A total of 18 subjects with PD were recruited from different Parkinson associations located in Spain and Portugal who were in early stages (≤2) of the disease according to the Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scale [ 79 ] (age: 64.9 ± 7.6 [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ] years; gender: 8 M/10 F; stage H&Y I/II/: 4/14). Patients had a good clinical response to levodopa and/or dopamine agonists and did not present dementia according to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders IV (DSM IV) criteria [ 78 ].…”

“…Many studies are focused on the development and validation of systems for the analysis and quantification of motor symptoms remotely using a variety of inertial sensors. The most commonly used sensors include accelerometers and gyroscopes due to their compact size and affordability [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ].…”

Technology-Enabled Care: Integrating Multidisciplinary Care in Parkinson's Disease Through Digital Technology

“…Wearable sensors, accelerometers, gyroscopes, and non-wearable devices have been tested as ambulatory devices to assess motor parameters such as gait, kinematic features, sway, physical activity, tremor, and bradykinesia ( 49 , 50 ). These technologies can result in safe, objective, real-time behavioral assessments in clinical routine and facilitate the identification of care problems with more time dedicated to developing management plans and provide patient education during a clinical encounter.…”