Wearable sweat biosensors on textiles for health monitoring

Abstract

With the rapid technological innovation in materials engineering and device integration, a wide variety of textile-based wearable biosensors have emerged as promising platforms for personalized healthcare, exercise monitoring, and pre-diagnostics. This paper reviews the recent progress in sweat biosensors and sensing systems integrated into textiles for wearable body status monitoring. The mechanisms of biosensors that are commonly adopted for biomarkers analysis are first introduced. The classification, fabrication methods, and applications of textile conductors in different configurations and dimensions are then summarized. Afterward, innovative strategies to achieve efficient sweat collection with textile-based sensing patches are presented, followed by an in-depth discussion on nanoengineering and system integration approaches for the enhancement of sensing performance. Finally, the challenges of textile-based sweat sensing devices associated with the device reusability, washability, stability, and fabrication reproducibility are discussed from the perspective of their practical applications in wearable healthcare.

Advanced and personalized healthcare through integrated wearable sensors (versatile)

“…95 Sensors integrated into the textiles allow for efficient sweat collection and can present unique opportunities for real-time biomarker monitoring. 96 These not only provide a platform for sensing analytes but can also be used for the generation of human motion-induced triboelectric charges, which in turn block microbes. 97 Combining the strengths of the fashion trend and wearable sensors to create wearable fashion accessories will result in a wider adoption of wearable sensor technology that can urgently address the need for disease diagnostics and real-time health monitoring.…”

Stay healthy under global warming: A review of wearable technology for thermoregulation

“…These phycological signals will help diagnose heat‐related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. Moreover, a fibrous human sweat sensor that can measure the metabolites and biomarkers (e.g., glucose, lactate) and electrolytes (e.g., Na + , K + , and Ca 2+ ions) from perspiration is able to monitor health status in a non‐invasive manner 70,80,81 . The concentrations of Na + and K + in sweat are considered as effective biomarkers for detecting dehydration, which easily happens when the body is producing a high rate of sweat under extreme weather.…”

“…Moreover, a fibrous human sweat sensor that can measure the metabolites and biomarkers (e.g., glucose, lactate) and electrolytes (e.g., Na + , K + , and Ca 2+ ions) from perspiration is able to monitor health status in a non-invasive manner. 70,80,81 The concentrations of Na + and K + in sweat are considered as effective biomarkers for detecting dehydration, which easily happens when the body is producing a high rate of sweat under extreme weather. Real-time detection of these biomarkers can monitor the progressive dehydration, protecting individuals from more severe health risks, such as heat exhaustion.…”

Low-dimensional nanostructures for monolithic 3D-integrated flexible and stretchable electronics

“…More specifically, the vertical stacking of these key components is beneficial for optimizing space utilization and enabling efficient signal routing while maintaining the mechanical flexibility or stretchability of the system. The systems composed of low-dimensional nanostructures can leverage the benefits of monolithic 3D integration and mechanical deformability and result in compact, lightweight, high-performance, and adaptable electronic devices, 35,55,56 thereby finding extensive applications in wearable healthcare monitoring, 6 electronic skin, 5 stretchable displays, 57 smart textiles, 8 and soft robotics. 16…”