Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Chemical Modification of Conventional Textiles for Application in Electrically Driven Antibacterial Devices

Abstract

The energy harvesting provided by wearable triboelectric devices represents a promising procedure that circumvents typical drawbacks of conventional batteries in several applications. The development of wearable triboelectric generators with modified cotton in the presence of conductive and antibacterial agents can be considered an important step toward developing autonomous devices to be applied in electrically driven antibacterial treatments. The antibacterial properties of polypyrrole and its high conductivity were explored for the production of the induction layer of a single-electrode triboelectric generator that introduces advantages relative to direct contact with the skin, which is critical for the treatment of several infections. The open-circuit voltage in the order of 670 V and inhibition haloes in the order of 17 mm (against Staphylococcus aureus) confirm the multifunctional activity of the modified cotton that can be applied to the harvesting of energy and integrated into the inhibition of bacterial growth provided by polypyrrole-based systems.

All-In-One Energy Harvesting/Storage Integrated Systems Based on Eggshell Membranes

“…The stress−strain profiles shown in Figure 3c confirm that mechanical properties of the chemically modified ESM@PPy proved a reinforcement in both tensile strength and elongation at the break with the incorporation of polypyrrole�while the maximum tensile strength for ESM is 3.2 MPa with an elongation of 10.2%, the direct polymerization of PPy on ESM returned the highest tensile (7.1 MPa) and elongation of 21.2%. 22,61 Kaynak et al 63 reported corresponding results for wool yarns coated with polypyrrole and attributed the increase in the elongation at break and tensile strength due to the modification in the surface morphology of the fibers under chemical polymerization. The results for the tensile strength of pristine ESM were close to those reported in ref 53, which obtained values in the order of 3.5 MPa for ESM treated with citric acid and acetic acid.…”

“…On the other hand, the tensile strength of ESM coated by GNP and GNP + PPy had a slight variation, compared to the pure sample, with values of 3.4 and 3.3 MPa, and elongations of 14.9 and 10.7%, respectively. The lower values in tensile strength and elongation for GNP-based modified membranes are a consequence of a more complex modification coating process that involves successive drying steps at high temperatures for deposition of a thicker layer of GNP . Despite this result for the mechanical response, it is worth observing that improvement in the electrical conductivity of 93% makes the combination of PPY/GNP the best option for a more effective current collector in TENG.…”

“…The most common materials for electrodes in TENGs are the metals, such as aluminum, , silver, , and copper. , However, some restrictions have been observed for these materials such as cost, easy oxidation, and weight. , For these reasons, metallic layers have been substituted by polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy), , poly­(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene, polystyrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), , polyaniline (PANI), , or carbon allotropes (graphene and carbon nanotube) due to the advantages of large-scale production and tunable electrical conductivity. ,, …”

“…18,19 However, some restrictions have been observed for these materials such as cost, easy oxidation, and weight. 20,21 For these reasons, metallic layers have been substituted by polymers such as polypyrrole (PPy), 22,23 poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene, polystyrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), 24,25 polyaniline (PANI), 26,27 or carbon allotropes (graphene 28 and carbon nanotube 29 ) due to the advantages of large-scale production and tunable electrical conductivity. 23,28,30 In addition, TENGs have been integrated into supercapacitors, enabling the formation of portable systems for the generation and storage of electrical energy, driving different electronic devices, and allowing the efficient capture of energy.…”

Metal-free triboelectric nanogenerators for application in wearable electronics

“…5 for a schematic view of the device), an S-TENG is assembled with a modified textile prepared from the deposition of polypyrrole on textile in contact with a layer of Ecoflex. 85 Independent triboelectric layer mode (I mode)…”