Weather Factors and Their Influence on the Adaptive Properties of Winter Wheat Varieties in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

The yield potential of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is formed in changing weather conditions and depends on the proposed agro-technological measures, to which the response of a particular variety is different. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of weather factors on the field germination of soft winter wheat seeds, the growth and development of plants in the autumn and wintering in the zone of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, by sowing high-quality basic seed, careful soil preparation and the presence of optimum environmental factors. A sufficient level of productive soil moisture, which protects young shoots from possible deficiency after germination and is a long-term source of moisture at the next stages of organogenesis, has a great influence on obtaining friendly and timely shoots. Often overwintering conditions, when plants suffer from low negative temperatures at the beginning and at the end of the winter period, ground ice crust, resumption of vegetation in winter are the causes of freezing, loss, and ultimately a decrease in yield and seed quality. It has been confirmed that an increase in the temperature regime in 244-247°C in the autumn-winter period and the optimal amount of precipitation contribute to sufficient (31.6-34.6 mm) productive soil moisture (0-20 cm), which positively influences the process of germination of soft winter wheat, provides a high percentage of field germination of seeds of varieties (93.8-94.5%), lengthens the autumn development of plants by 3-12 days, which causes 3.5-5.7% higher accumulation of sugar content in the tillering nodes and a high percentage of overwintering (up to 95.5-96.4%). Varieties of the forest-steppe ecological type of soft winter wheat have insignificant phenotypic variability of adaptive traits, therefore, in the production of grain and seed products, it is recommended to give preference to the plant varieties listed in the Register, suitable for distribution in Ukraine for the Forest-Steppe zone, Polissya. The recommendations set out in this scientific work will help agricultural producers of the studied soil and climatic zone to carry out an effective, more ecologically plastic, highly productive variety replacement

Influence of Weather Conditions on the Duration of Interphysical Periods and Yield of Durum Winter Wheat

“…Predicting the emergence of seedlings and determining the duration of the "sowinggermination" interstage period is important in agricultural practice, because late shoots of winter wheat often lead to liquefaction of crops, weak tillering and plant development, which significantly reduces crop productivity. Long-term studies have determined that with timely Korkhova and Mykolaichuk receipt of full-sized shoots of winter wheat, plants develop well from autumn and create a secondary root system, which contributes to overwintering and increases plant resistance to drought (Zaiets, 2019;Zapisotska, 2021).…”

Yield plasticity of new varieties of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in different soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine

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На сучасному етапі розвитку сільського господарства України значну увагу приділяють виробництву зерна, у підвищенні валових зборів якого найбільша питома вага належить пшениці озимій [1,2].

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“…Натепер в умовах зміни клімату, глобального потепління та дії абіотичного стресу важливо створювати сорти зі значним адаптивним потенціалом до посухи, здатні в періоди нестачі вологи забезпечувати високий рівень життєдіяльність рослин і меншою мірою знижувати врожайність [1,13]. Нові сорти залежно від напрямів використання мають бути придатними для вирощування за інтенсивними технологіями, а також економічно ефективними з погляду виробництва зерна та інших продуктів [14,15].…”