“…In comparison, when it comes to internal actions, where the EP acts as a co-decider, its ambitions became more moderate, often offering concessions and flexibility to member states, especially on issues related to (implementation) costs. Therefore, non-legislative resolutions tended to be seen as "cheap talk" and portrayed more adversarial interactions, while legislative debates tended to be more technical and prone to accommodating contrasting views (Biedenkopf, 2019;Burns, 2019;Petri & Biedenkopf, 2021;Vogeler, 2022;Wendler, 2019). This behaviour is not unique to this policy area; with the extension of co-decision, we have seen an increasing distinction between non-legislative actions, where the EP can be more ambitious and formulate "wish lists", and legislative actions, where it needs to be more "realistic" or "responsible" in order to find compromises with the Council (Burns, 2013;Ripoll Servent, 2015).…”