Weathering impacts on petroleum biomarker, aromatic, and polar compounds in the spilled oil at the northeast coast of Brazil over time

Geochemical Assessment of Tar Balls That Arrived in 2022 along the Northeast Coast of Brazil and Their Relationship with the 2019 Oil Spill Disaster

“…In the present work, the diagnostic ratios chosen were related to the main biomarkers associated with thermal evolution, depositional environment, and biodegradation. 8,9 According to the CEN methodology, 14 it is possible to evaluate the difference between two oil spill samples based on their diagnostic ratio values through standard deviation calculation. In this calculation, critical differences (CDs) below 14% are considered a "match", while values above 14% are classified as "non-match".…”

“…The histogram of classes (Figure S7 of the Supporting Information) provided valuable information about the polar composition of the samples. According to Lima et al, 9 the N 1 class obtained by ESI(+) FT−MS refers to pyridine and its derivatives. It can be employed for oil spill evaluation because it exhibits very minimal variation in basic compounds as they are recalcitrant and remain largely unchanged even under weathering impact.…”

“…8 In addition to the analytical GC−MS technique, Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FT−MS) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) has been used to identify polar compounds at a molecular level in the spilled oils of 2019. 9 Reddy et al, 3 Carregosa et al, 5 for the acquisition of previously unattainable results on oil fingerprinting for polar compounds.…”

Characterization of Differential Markers among Crude Oil Samples Using UPLC-QE-MS/MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

“…2 Additionally, these substances may be released into the environment due to oil industry activities, which has sparked widespread concern regarding environmental impact. 3 Therefore, the analysis of heteroatom compounds in crude oil is not only useful in analyzing the source of crude oil, thermal maturity, biodegradation level, and the correlation between oil−oil and oil−source rock but also aids in pollution control. This is particularly crucial in determining the source of crude oil leakage and its migration process.…”

“…While the proportion of heteroatom compounds in crude oil is relatively small, it can adversely impact critical processes such as petroleum refining, processing, transportation, and storage . Additionally, these substances may be released into the environment due to oil industry activities, which has sparked widespread concern regarding environmental impact . Therefore, the analysis of heteroatom compounds in crude oil is not only useful in analyzing the source of crude oil, thermal maturity, biodegradation level, and the correlation between oil–oil and oil–source rock but also aids in pollution control.…”