Weathering of andesite monuments in archaeological sites

Abstract

a b s t r a c tArchaeological sites, which are the integral parts of cultural heritage, have to be conserved as a whole to have a variety of information about past societies. In this study, the weathering problems of unburied and newly excavated andesite monuments in Aigai archaeological site (Manisa, Turkey) were investigated for the purpose of their conservation. With this intent, the basic physical properties, mineralogical and chemical compositions and microstructural properties of sound and weathered samples were determined by using XRD, SEM-EDS, FT-IR and TGA analysis. Results of the study indicated that the weathering mechanisms of unburied and post-excavated andesite differ from each other. The main weathering problems observed on the unburied stones are mainly increasing microcracks from inner parts to the surfaces, deposition of iron oxides and microbiological colonization due to climatic conditions of the site. In the newly excavated areas, calcium carbonate deposition, accumulation of clay minerals and microbiological colonization are the main weathering problems due to weathering of silica minerals through the action of carbon dioxide and water during burial.

Assessment of Cracking Widths in a Concrete Wall Based on TIR Radiances of Cracking

“…Temperature and RH are the main factors related to the process of weathering [ 42 ]. As the season changes from spring to summer, the temperature and RH gradually rise.…”

“…The temperatures on March 12 and April 30 were higher than those on May 10; however, this may have been due to the TIR dataset being acquired in the afternoons. The interaction of temperature and RH during the different seasons promotes the physical weathering of masonry materials [ 42 , 43 , 44 ], thus influencing the inside as well as the outside temperatures of a concrete crack.…”

Estudo comparativo de basaltos: ensaios laboratoriais

“…O estado microfissural da rocha também é uma característica intrínseca, tipificado por ser de pequena espessura, cerca de 1µm, distribuído por todas as direções e com dimensões longitudinais do tamanho dos cristais (MARRANO 1997;KAPLAN et al, 2013).…”

“…As microfissuras são responsáveis pela superfície especifica interna da rocha possibilitando o acesso de fluidos à matriz onde ocorrem depósitos de sais e microrganismos, sendo assim, importantes no processo de alteração da rocha. (GOMES, 2001;MARRANO 1997;KAPLAN 2013).…”