Web Accessibility Metrics: Effects of Different Computational Approaches

Freire, André Pimenta; Power, Christopher; Petrie, Helen; Tanaka, Eduardo Hideki; Rocha, Heloísa Vieira da; Fortes, Renata Pontin de Mattos

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02713-0_70

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It is based on user feedback rather than WCAG priority levels [12]. The final value of this metric represents a probability of finding a barrier in a website or web page that could prevent users from completing a certain task [11,13,20]. This metric also considers the potential problems and barriers' weights.…”

Section: Unified Web Evaluation Methodology (Uwem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This metric also considers the potential problems and barriers' weights. The UWEM formula is based on the product of the checkpoints' failure rates [20]. Its results are precise and accurate, however, it only takes into consideration 2 priority levels of the WCAG guidelines [21].…”

Section: Unified Web Evaluation Methodology (Uwem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, some probability properties were used as well as some issues related to the complexity of the web page were aggregated. A3 is an improved aggregation formula based on UWEM [11,13,20]. Similar to UWEM, A3 also considers the failure rate, i.e., the ratio between the number of barriers (violation of a given checkpoint) and the total number of potential barriers.…”

Section: A3mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large-scale study of web accessibility metrics

Martins

Duarte

2022

Univ Access Inf Soc

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Evaluating the accessibility of web resources is usually done by checking the conformance of the resource against a standard or set of guidelines (e.g., the WCAG 2.1). The result of the evaluation will indicate what guidelines are respected (or not) by the resource. While it might hint at the accessibility level of web resources, often it will be complicated to compare the level of accessibility of different resources or of different versions of the same resource from evaluation reports. Web accessibility metrics synthesize the accessibility level of a web resource into a quantifiable value. The fact that there is a wide number of accessibility metrics, makes it challenging to choose which ones to use. In this paper, we explore the relationship between web accessibility metrics. For that purpose, we investigated eleven web accessibility metrics. The metrics were computed from automated accessibility evaluations obtained using QualWeb. A set of around three million web pages were evaluated. By computing the metrics over this sample of nearly three million web pages, it was possible to identify groups of metrics that offer similar results. Our analysis shows that there are metrics that behave similarly, which, when deciding what metrics to use, assists in picking the metric that is less resource intensive or for which it might be easier to collect the inputs.

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Section: Unified Web Evaluation Methodology (Uwem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Unified Web Evaluation Methodology (Uwem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A3mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large-scale study of web accessibility metrics

Martins

Duarte

2022

Univ Access Inf Soc

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“…The Internet is a widespread, accessible means of communication, which has provided scientific space for exchanging the health information ( 1 ) and also the preferred choice of health information seekers to access the required information ( 2 ). Nowadays, the web has become one of the most crucial aspects of social life ( 3 ). In this context, the use of the Internet is increasingly grown for health purposes, and today it is a valuable source of health information for patients and their families ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Public Hospitals Websites: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study in Iran

Salarvand¹,

Samadbeik²,

Tarrahi³

et al. 2016

Acta Inform Med

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Introduction:Nowadays, hospitals have turned increasingly towards the Internet and develop their own web presence. Hospital Websites could be operating as effective web resources of information and interactive communication mediums to enhance hospital services to the public.Aim:Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the quality of websites in Tehran’s public hospitals.Material and methods:This cross-sectional analysis involved all public hospitals in Iran’s capital city, Tehran, with a working website or subsites between April and June, 2014 (N=59). The websites were evaluated using three validated instruments: a localized checklist, Google page rank, and the Alexa traffic ranking. The mentioned checklist consisted of 112 items divided into five sections: technical characteristics, hospital information and facilities, medical services, interactive on-line services and external activities. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics.Results:The mean website evaluation score was 45.7 out of 224 for selected public hospitals. All the studied websites were in the weak category based on the earned quality scores. There was no statistically significant association between the website evaluation score with Google page rank (P=0.092), Alexa global traffic rank and Alexa traffic rank in Iran (P>0.05). The hospital websites had a lower quality score in the interactive online services and external activities criteria in comparing to other criteria. Due to the low quality level of the studied websites and the importance of hospital portals in providing information and services on the Internet, the authorities should do precise planning for the appreciable improvement in the quality of hospital websites.

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“…Monitorar os níveis de acessibilidade de aplicações web é uma atividade de grande importância para melhorar a acessibilidade no produto sendo desenvolvido. Dada a natureza de atualizações freqüentes que caracteriza as aplicações web, monitorar a evolução de acessibilidade requer métricas eficazes para impedir que uma aplicação web seja colocada em produção contendo barreiras de acessibilidade (Vigo et al, 2007;Freire et al, 2009).…”

Section: Métricas De Acessibilidadeunclassified

Avaliação automática de acessibilidade em RIA

Watanabe¹

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Agradecimentos À professora Dra. Renata Pontin de Mattos Fortes, por todo seu apoio durante todo o projeto; aos colegas e amigos, por suas valiosas contribuições e enriquecimento da tese; aos pais, pela compreensão e apoio presentes em todos os momentos; a Rejane Kiyomi Furuya, pelo amor; e a Deus que iluminou meu caminho durante esta caminhada.ii Often it appears that there is no better way to solve a problem than to try all possible solutions. This approach, called exhaustive search, is almost always slow, but sometimes it is better than nothing. Ian Parberryiii tese contribuem para o processo de Engenharia Web de aplicações ricas de Internet acessíveis. Palavras-chave: Acessibilidade na Web, Engenharia Web, ARIA, RIA e Web 2.0. v Abstract W ith the increased popularity of the Web 2.0 and RIA -Rich Internet Applications, web applications rely more and more in Ja-vaScript to implement richer and more complex interaction mechanisms in the Web platform. Since these mechanisms, frequently, generate dynamic updates to the DOM -Document Object Model structure of a webpage and require visual perception of users to notify them about these changes in the interface, users that interact with the Web through usage of Assistive Technologies such as a screen reader are not capable of correctly identifying and interacting with the interface components built with these technologies -the widgets. In this context, the WAI -Web Accessibility Initiative created the ARIA -Accessible Rich Internet Applications specification which describes the use of properties that add semantics to elements that compose a widget, allowing Assistive Technology to priorly identify the behavior of a widget and inform the user about changes that might be made to the DOM structure of the webpage. This thesis' goal was to elaborate automatic evaluation strategies for accessibility requirements of the ARIA specification. Three evaluation strategies were elaborated following the research-action methodology with the conduction of three cycles of the activities of planning, acting, describing and evaluating. The strategies were implemented based in Acceptance Tests and verifications on specific details of the technology that compose web applications, considering specifically blind users interaction patterns through the use of screen readers. Each strategy was separately validated and the results show tendencies that the strategies were capable of correctly evaluating the behavior of web applications, considering their conformance with ARIA recommendations for blind users. The development and validation of the evaluation strategies also presented contributions by: including user interaction models in the automatic evaluation approaches and presenting a survey on web applications and JavaScript toolkits conformance rates with the ARIA specification. Thus contributing to the Web Engineering process of ARIA.

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Web Accessibility Metrics: Effects of Different Computational Approaches

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Large-scale study of web accessibility metrics

Large-scale study of web accessibility metrics

Quality of Public Hospitals Websites: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study in Iran

Avaliação automática de acessibilidade em RIA

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