Due to the growth in the number of Internet users and the services provided by websites, making websites accessible to everyone has become necessary. Web forms play a crucial role in collecting information from users to provide services. Despite the increasing number of visually impaired users, with the World Health Organization reporting at least two billion people globally with vision impairments, website developers still fail to adhere to web accessibility guidelines, making it difficult, if not impossible, for visually impaired individuals to fill out forms easily. This study introduces the Web Form Accessibility Framework for the Visually Impaired (WAFI). By using WAFI, web form developers can create more accessible web forms for visually impaired users, enabling them to fill out forms faster, easier, and with fewer errors. WAFI is designed with components that encompass all necessary aspects for building an accessible web form. The framework was thoroughly evaluated by experts and tested with a sample of visually impaired users. They were asked to fill out two types of web forms: one following our framework (AWF) and the other not (IWF). The results clearly demonstrate that the AWF was submitted faster and with fewer errors than the IWF. Based on the evaluation and testing outcomes, the framework underwent further refinement, leading to the production of the final framework. It is hoped that WAFI will significantly improve web form development and enhance the overall experience of visually impaired users.INDEX TERMS Accessibility, Framework, Screen reader, Visually impaired, Web form
I. INTRODUCTIONV ISUAL impairments represent significant health challenges due to their increasing prevalence, making them one of the most common causes of disability worldwide [1], [2]. However, the indispensability of the World Wide Web in various aspects of life is undeniable, serving as a crucial source of information and services in education, economics, government, entertainment, and more. Ensuring equitable access to the Internet for everyone is of utmost importance. Unfortunately, accessing the Web is particularly challenging for visually impaired users, given its primarily visual nature, despite advancements in assistive technologies (ATs) like screen readers [3]. Moreover, with the growing prevalence of web forms used by governments and the private sector, people with visual disabilities face difficulties in dealing with web forms compared to those without visual impairments. In light of these challenges, our study aims to develop the Web form Accessibility Framework for the Visually Impaired (WAFI) to aid web form developers in creating more accessible web forms, facilitating visually impaired users in filling them faster, easier, and with fewer errors.
A. MOTIVATIONWeb form filling is essential for numerous tasks, such as booking airline tickets, hotels, registrations, online shopping, job applications, and providing delivery information in online food delivery apps. However, visually impaired users encounter diffic...